Course paper

Natural resources of Uzbekistan and their protection

All the material resources that man receives from nature - the subsoil, water, air, soil, plants, animals, etc. - are natural resources (wealth).

Protection of nature and natural resources of Uzbekistan - rational use of mineral resources necessary for man, clean water and air, protection of soil from erosion, preservation and restoration of flora and fauna, as well as beautiful places (waterfalls, showers, stunning landscapes, fountains, etc.).

But now, as a result of the impact of human activities on nature, the ecological situation in some districts of the country (Aral Sea, Surkhandarya, Lower Zarafshan and Lower Amudarya) is deteriorating.

The energy, oil and gas, transport, chemical, metallurgical, and utilities sectors play a significant role in air pollution in Uzbekistan. If we say that 100% of the harmful compounds produced by these companies are distributed as follows.

Uzbekistan produces about 2,000 tons of pollutants (compounds) a year from industry and transport, of which more than 1,300.1 tons are due to transport. As a result, 80% of air pollution in large cities such as Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Fergana and Andijan is caused by vehicles. The contribution of industry to air pollution in cities with large industrial facilities is significant. As a result, the air of cities such as Almalyk, Angren, Navoi, Andijan, Fergana, Tashkent is polluted with sulfur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, hydrogen fluoride and other gases.

The air in Sariosiya and Uzun districts of Surkhandarya region is polluted with toxic fluorine gas from an aluminum plant in Tursunzoda, Tajikistan. As a result, child mortality is on the rise in the districts, grape and fruit trees are turning yellow, cattle are getting sick and teeth are falling out.

is going.

In order to keep the air clean in the country, it is necessary to build modern treatment facilities at enterprises. This traps air pollutants and allows them to be reused.

The rivers of the country are polluted with water from industrial enterprises, consumer services, health care organizations, poultry farms and livestock farms, as well as sewage.

The main task of keeping water resources clean is to treat and neutralize the wastewater from these enterprises and then discharge it into water bodies.

Uzbekistan must fight to protect its soil from erosion and restore its fertility. To do this, it is necessary to follow the rules of irrigation of crops, to switch to the use of advanced methods of irrigation. In order to increase crop yields, it is necessary to use more organic fertilizers (manure) to achieve biological control of agricultural pests.

The abundance of clear, picturesque lands of the republic depends, first of all, on green plants, especially forests. Misconduct of the population towards forests, especially fruit (walnuts, pistachios, almonds, hawthorn, etc.) and medicinal (cumin, onion, anzur, blackcurrant, sage, sage, etc.) due to which they are declining. Therefore, it is necessary to explain to vacationers, tourists and students not to destroy plants, not to collect their fruits and seeds without permission, and to carry out a wide range of advocacy work.

In recent years, the number and species of animals have been declining as a result of human activities (plowing, new housing, misuse of pastures, improper hunting). For example, the number of white-tailed deer, gazelles, storks, hawks, argali, goats (pheasants), pheasants, and sparrows has sharply decreased. Some animals, including the Turan tiger, have completely disappeared.

The beauty of the nature of Uzbekistan is that in its territory there are rare places of nature (beautiful streams, ravines, springs, waterfalls, springs, unique trees, various rocks, exposed rocks, caves, canals, cisterns, etc.). depends on maintaining its natural state.

Uzbekistan publishes two-volume Red Book of Uzbekistan.

The first volume includes Korovin shirachi, Turkestan wild pear, wild pomegranate, Zarafshan onion, onion, Uzbek tulip, wild fig, Omonqora and Bukhara astragalus, wild grapes, cloves, mingdevona, hyacinth, chilanji, Chimgan. plants such as tulips, flowers salim are included.

From the second volume of the "Red Book" a turtle bat, a blue squirrel, a large twin, a brown bear, a Turkestan beaver, a hyena, a tiger, a cheetah, a hawk, a gazelle, a Ustyurt sheep, Bukhara sheep, argali, white and black storks, red geese, falcons, eagles, white cranes, lizards, snakes, etc.

Nature reserves, national parks and nature reserves play an important role in protecting the nature of Uzbekistan. As of 2016, there are 8 state reserves, 3 national parks, 12 nature reserves, 1 biosphere reserve and 3 nurseries in Uzbekistan.

§1.2Opportunities for environmental education in extracurricular activities.

Ecological education. The word ecology, meaning "roof" or "home," was first introduced to science by the German scientist Ernest Haeckel. Ecological science is modern
plant ecology, zooecology, soil ecology, human ecology, etc. Ecology studies the living conditions or norms of one or more selected objects and helps determine the optimal standard of living. Work in this area provides us with environmental knowledge, but humanity is not limited to this. As time demands, we need to work in another direction. It's also a matter of environmental education.

Ecological education, of course, is based on ecological knowledge, but it also has its own characteristics. Ecological education works on the formation of a correct, rational attitude of man to nature, and sets itself the goal of forming an ecological culture in students. The content of ecological education includes ecological consciousness, ecological feelings (attitudes towards nature, people, life). Thus, environmental education plays an important role in human life, society and the homeland.

The formation of ecological education requires not only the acquisition of ecological knowledge, but also the formation of ecological relations. Environmental relations:
Attitude to life.
Fostering a sense of wholeness.
Fostering a sense of responsibility.
Components such as feeling the beauty of nature can be included.

Not only today, but also our ancestors took a deep responsibility for environmental education. For example, in order not to pollute the environment, separate pits were dug for garbage disposal, toilets were dug far from streams, streams and springs, only dry trees were cut down for various needs, animals were tortured, birds' nests were destroyed, it was considered a sin.

In this regard, the family says, "Do not spit on water, do not pollute it, because all animals can drink it," "Do not break the branch of a flowering fruit tree, it bears fruit, you eat it yourself," "Do not cut unripe grapes, if you cut It will be a great sin, because it has the share of the believers. ”
The system of ecological education and upbringing will be continued in kindergartens, secondary schools, post-secondary education and labor communities. Here, real-life examples illustrate the current low level of environmental literacy in families. For example, many people now graze their livestock in orchards, gardens, and even on fruit and ornamental trees. After all, in the past, a special herd was kept for the animals of our people. Or those who have property, who take turns herding. To do this, the animals were grazed on separate pastures, not where they are now. Or when we go on a family vacation, the grass is not plowed, broken glass and food scraps are not left on the hills. No trees, no plants, no animals were harmed. The content of environmental education training includes:

It is a well-known fact in human history that a healthy society can only be created by a healthy environment.

Ensuring a bright future for Uzbekistan The Law on Education is reflected in the National Training Program. In this regard, one of the tasks of primary education is to develop students' awareness of the environment.
Successfully solving this task requires teachers to have in-depth knowledge in their field, a high environmental culture, to be creative, to conduct training on the basis of pedagogical technologies.
Only a teacher with such qualities should bring up a well-rounded person who has a deep theoretical knowledge of environmental education, knows the secrets of natural processes, understands its socio-economic and spiritual significance, and has a conscious attitude to nature. A variety of manuals, media, textbooks, and extracurricular activities are important resources for teacher teaching.
Educating students to respect nature is not just about learning. Lessons are limited in time, and many important environmental knowledge cannot be taught to students. Extracurricular activities are not limited in time. Developing students' environmental knowledge in extracurricular activities can be effective.
In educating primary school students in a spirit of respect for nature, extracurricular activities are a continuation of what students have learned in the classroom and complement the content and integrate it into the whole process.
Extracurricular activities are an additional and free form of education that allows students to expand their creative activities.
Study tours are important for exploring the world around us. Travel lessons are an important tool in educating students about the environment as a form of learning. Cognitive activity is formed in the process of observing nature, students' understanding of the interaction of animate and inanimate nature, the flora and fauna is expanded.
Communicating with nature makes students feel good. Students will enjoy the green grass, the birdsong, the butterfly flight, and the variety of trees and plants.

The purpose of the trips is to learn about the species of trees, plants, insects and birds in the garden.

Extracurricular activities with students: travel, mornings, extracurricular activities, hobby clubs and

other work will be done. These activities stimulate students' interest in learning about nature under the guidance of a teacher. Extracurricular activities in science provide an opportunity to expand, deepen and clarify the knowledge acquired in the classroom, to stimulate interest in the study of nature, to develop students' activism and attitude to respect for nature, to organize this time. Extracurricular science activities also have an educational value in educating primary school students in the spirit of respect for nature, as it affects students' behavior. They shape the material worldview and work culture, develop curiosity and independent observation skills, foster a sense of community and a love of nature. Extracurricular activities in science are one of the tools for the comprehensive development of the student's personality.