Convolvulaceae In Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (Sixteenth Edition), 2016

Ipomoea hederacea, Ipomoea lacunosa, and Ipomoea purpurea

Eric A.L. Jones, ... Wesley J. Everman, in Biology and Management of Problematic Crop Weed Species, 2021

Introduction

The Ipomoea genus belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. The genus name Ipomoea is derived from the Greek words ips which means “a worm” and homoios which means “resembling,” referring to the wormlike twining growth (DeFelice, 2001). The weedy species of the Ipomoea genus are commonly referred to as “morningglory” as an entity. The Ipomoea spp. has been referred to as both a beautiful ornamental flowering plant and a prolific weed depending on circumstances (DeFelice, 2001). Ipomoea spp. originated in the tropical Americas and were collected for food and ornamental purposes in Europe and North America (Bryson and DeFelice, 2010; DeFelice, 2001). By the early 18th century, selected Ipomoea spp. escaped cultivation to become a weed (Holm et al., 1977; Pursh, 1814). The common weedy Ipomoea species include Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq, Ipomoea lacunosa (L.), and Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth. These species can be distinguished apart phenotypically, but the methodology of control is equal for the species.
Ipomoea spp. are ubiquitous weeds across disturbed ecosystems globally (DeFelice, 2001; Holm et al., 1979). Ipomoea spp. are difficult to control due to differential morphology of desirable plants. Management options of Ipomoea spp. for a respective disturbed ecosystem are similar worldwide. While herbicides are commonly used to control Ipomoea spp. in field and vegetable crops, biological, cultural, and mechanical tactics can also be utilized to effectively control plants inhabiting disturbed areas.

Transmission 2: Mechanical, Seed, Pollen and Epidemiology

Roger Hull, in Matthews' Plant Virology (Fourth Edition), 2002

D. By dodder

Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) (Convolvulaceae) is a parasitic vine on higher plants. There are many different species with different host ranges, some of which are extensive. Bennett (1940b) showed that dodder would transmit viruses from plant to plant. The parasite forms haustoria, which connect with the vascular tissues of the host. Viruses are probably transmitted via the plasmodesmata which transiently connect the parasite's hyphal tips with host-cell cytoplasm.
Transmission by dodder is in some respects similar to grafting. However, graft compatibility is limited to quite closely related plants–usually within a genus. Dodder, on the other hand, can be used to transmit a virus between distantly related plants (e.g. Desjardins et al., 1969). The virus being transmitted experimentally may not multiply in the dodder, which then appears to act as a passive pipeline connecting two plants. Transmission of TMV was substantially increased by conditions (such as pruning the dodder and shading the healthy plant) that might be expected to lead to a flow of food materials through the dodder from the diseased to the healthy plant (Cochran, 1946). Bennett (1940b) was able to separate CMV from TMV because it persisted in the dodder when the parasite was grown on hosts immune to both viruses, whereas the TMV was lost.
Dodder used in transmission studies may sometimes harbor an unsuspected virus. Thus, Bennett (1944) found that symptomless Cuscuta californica was frequently infected with a virus he called Dodder latent mosaic virus, which caused serious disease in several unrelated plant species.
One of the main experimental uses of dodder transmission has been to transfer viruses from hosts where they are difficult to study to useful experimental plants. Dodder is probably an insignificant factor in the transmission of economically important viruses in the field, and has rarely been used in experimental work in recent times.