Convolvulaceae In Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (Sixteenth Edition), 2016

Convolvulaceae
In Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (Sixteenth Edition), 2016
Argyreia nervosa
The ergot alkaloid lysergic acid amide, which is structurally similar to the hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), is present in large amounts in Convolvulaceae, such as Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian baby woodrose), Ipomoea violacea (morning glory), and Turbina corymbosa (ololiuhqui). Serum concentrations after ingestion of the seeds of Argyreia nervosa are in the low ng/ml range and are associated with severe adverse reactions, such as nausea, weakness, fatigue, tremor, and hypertension, and a psychosis-like state [2]. The risks of adverse reactions to lysergic acid amide are highly variable in different individuals [3] and severe nervous system toxicity can occur [4], as can acute hypertensive encephalopathy [5].
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A 15-year-old girl, who regularly used cannabis, took 480 mg of Argyreia nervosa seeking an LSD-like effect, and developed bilateral mydriasis, bradycardia, abdominal cramps and vomiting [6]. There was also tetrahydrocannabinol in her urine. She recovered fully in less than 12 hours.
Plants that contain hallucinogenic drugs may be marketed online as “legal highs”. In a study of 39 websites, in which 1308 products were listed, Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds were one of the five most commonly advertised products

Convolvulaceae

Morning Glory/Bindweed family (Latin for “interwoven”). 52–57 genera/1625–1650 species.

Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants: Eudicots

Michael G. Simpson, in Plant Systematics (Third Edition), 2019

SOLANALES

The Solanales, sensu APG IV (2016), contain 5 families (Table 8.3) Of these, two families are described here. See Soltis et al. (2011), and Refulio-Rodriguez and Olmstead (2014) for phylogenetic analyses.
Convolvulaceae — Morning Glory / Bindweed family (type Convolvulus, Latin for “interwoven”). Ca. 59 genera/ca, 1,900 species
The Convolvulaceae consist of herbaceous to woody vines, less commonly herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees. Some family members are achlorophyllous and parasitic (e.g., Cuscuta). The roots are haustorial in parasitic taxa. The stems of viney members are dextrorse (twining clockwise when moving away, like the grooves of a typical “right-handed” screw). The leaves are simple, undivided to divided, spiral, exstipu-late, reduced and scalelike in Cuscuta. The inflorescence is a head, dichasium, or of solitary flowers, bracteate, of usually two, often accrescent bracts. The flowers are bisexual, acti-nomorphic, and hypogynous. The perianth is dichlamyd-eous. The calyx has 5 [3,4], sepals or lobes. The corolla is sympetalous, often infundibular, with 5 [3,4] lobes, having usually involute (plicate) aestivation (imbricate in Cuscuta). The stamens are 5 [3,4], filaments often unequal in length, the stamens epipetalous. Anthers are longitudinal in dehis-cence. The gynoecium is syncarpous with a superior ovary, 2 [3–5] carpels, and 1–several locules (as many as carpels). The style(s) are solitary to as many as carpels. Placentation is basal; ovules are anatropous, unitegmic, 2 per carpel [rarely ∞]. Nectaries are present, consisting of an annular disk around base of ovary. The fruit is a capsule (loculicidal, circumscissile, or irregularly dehiscing), berry, drupe, or nut. The seeds are endospermous. Internal phloem (inner to the xylem) is present in many family members.
The Convolvulaceae have a mostly worldwide distribution. Economic importance includes cultivated ornamentals such as Convolvulus, Ipomoea, and Jacquemontia; Ipomoea batatas is the sweet potato, source of the starchy storage root. See Staples and Brummitt (2007) for general information and Stefanovic (2002, 2003) for phylogeny and classification.
The Convolvulaceae are distinctive in being often dextrorse-twining vines, less commonly shrubs or trees, usually with internal phloem, with simple, spiral leaves, and actinomorphic, sympetalous flowers, corollas typically with involute aestivation and often infundibular.