Convenience

part of OD. Some OD programs may use only one or a few of these; other programs
use several of them at once.
Emphasize top management’s commitment
to the reengineering effort
Develop goals and a strategy for
reengineering effort
Create a sense of urgency among members
of the organization
Start with a clean slate; in effect, re-create
the organization
Optimize top-down and bottom-up
perspectives
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C
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ga
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Lea
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F I G U R E 7 . 3
The Reengineering Process
Reengineering is a major redesign of all areas of an organization. To be successful,
reengineering requires a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the entire
organization. Goals, top management support, and a sense of urgency help the
organization re-create itself and blend both top-down and bottom-up perspectives.
organization
development
A planned effort that
is organization-wide,
managed from the
top, and intended
to increase
organizational
effectiveness and
health through
planned
interventions in the
organization’s
process, using
behavioral science
knowledge
Chapter 7:
Organization Change and Innovation
2 0 7
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•
Diagnostic activities
. Just as a physician examines patients to diagnose their
current condition, an OD diagnosis analyzes the current condition of an organi-
zation. To carry out this diagnosis, managers use questionnaires, opinion or
attitude surveys, interviews, archival data, and meetings to assess various char-
acteristics of the organization. The results of this diagnosis may generate profiles
of the organization’s activities, which can then be used to identify problem areas
in need of correction.
•
Team building
. Team-building activities are intended to enhance the effectiveness
and satisfaction of individuals who work in groups or teams and to promote overall
group effectiveness. Given the widespread use of teams today, these activities have
taken on increased importance. An OD consultant might interview team members
to determine how they feel about the group; then an off-site meeting could be held
to discuss the issues that surfaced and iron out any problem areas or member
concerns. Caterpillar used team building as one method for changing the working
relationships between workers and supervisors from confrontational to cooperative.
One interesting new approach to team building involves having executive teams