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Chapter 7: Organization Change and Innovation 2 0 5



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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

Chapter 7:
Organization Change and Innovation
2 0 5
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need not worry about environmental shifts, the growth of Walmart, and so forth—and
entropy set in. The key is to recognize the beginning of the decline and immediately
move toward changing relevant business processes. Major problems occur when man-
agers either do not recognize the onset of entropy until it is well advanced or are com-
placent in taking steps to correct it.
Approaches to Business Process Change
Figure 7.3 shows general steps in reen-
gineering. The first step is setting goals and developing a strategy for the changes.
The organization must know in advance what new business processes are supposed
to accomplish and how those accomplishments will be achieved. Next, top managers
must begin and direct the reengineering effort. If a CEO simply announces that
business process change is to occur but does nothing else, the program is unlikely
to be successful. But, if the CEO is constantly involved in the process, underscoring
its importance and taking the lead, business process change stands a much better
chance of success.
Most experts also agree that successful business process change is usually accompa-
nied by a sense of urgency. People in the organization must see the clear and present
need for the changes being implemented and appreciate their importance. In addition,
most successful reengineering efforts start with a new, clean slate. In other words, rather
than assuming that the existing organization is a starting point and then trying to modify
it, business process change usually starts by asking questions such as how customers are
best served and competitors best neutralized. New approaches and systems are then
created and imposed in place of existing ones.
Finally, business process change requires a careful blend of top-down and bottom-
up involvement. On the one hand, strong leadership is necessary, but too much
involvement by top management can make the changes seem autocratic. On the
other hand, employee participation is also important, but too little involvement by
leaders can undermine the program’s importance and create a sense that top
managers do not care. Thus, care must be taken to carefully balance these two coun-
tervailing forces. Our next section explores more fully one related but distinct
approach called organization development (OD).
offer interior-design tips and relationship counseling
and even to console the grieving. Indian workers
could neither fully understand the psychology of
U.S. flower buyers nor communicate the nuances
necessary to serve their needs. After a few weeks,
1-800-FLOWERS terminated the experiment. “The
folks were difficult to understand,” admitted one
company executive. “We were afraid that we
would lose sales, and we couldn’t risk that.”
The decision made sense: Typically, it costs six
times as much to replace a customer as to keep one.
Fortunately, the company had a plan B—
homeshoring
,
or hiring in-country contract workers. Homeshoring
employees are more expensive than overseas contrac-
tors, but they’re less expensive than full-time on-site
employees. They connect with American customers,
and they also alleviate the concerns that some U.S.
consumers have about their private data being shipped
overseas.

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