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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

464
Part 5:
Controlling
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that area. This setup is in contrast to the product layout, in which several different work-
stations may perform welding operations if the conversion task sequence so dictates.
Similarly, in a hospital, all X-rays are done in one location, all surgeries in another, and
all physical therapy in yet another. Patients are moved from location to location to get
the services they need.
The
fixed-position layout
is used when the organization is creating a few very
large and complex products. Aircraft manufacturers like Airbus and shipbuilders
like Newport News use this method. An assembly line capable of moving one of Air-
bus’s new A380 aircraft would require an enormous plant, so instead the airplane
shell itself remains stationary, and people and machines move around it as it is
assembled.
The cellular layout is a relatively new approach to facilities design.
Cellular layouts
are used when families of products can follow similar flow paths. A clothing manufac-
turer, for example, might create a cell, or designated area, dedicated to making a family
of pockets, such as pockets for shirts, coats, blouses, and slacks. Although each kind of
pocket is unique, the same basic equipment and methods are used to make all of them.
Hence, all pockets might be made in the same area and then delivered directly to differ-
ent product layout assembly areas where the shirts, coats, blouses, and slacks are actually
being assembled.
ORGANIZATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
One central element of effective operations management is technology. In Chapter 6, we
defined

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