Convenience


Managing Group and Team Decision-Making Processes



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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

Managing Group and Team Decision-Making Processes
Managers can do several things to help promote the effectiveness of group and team
decision making. One is simply being aware of the pros and cons of having a group
or team make a decision to start with. Time and cost can be managed by setting a
deadline by which the decision must be made final. Dominance can be at least
partially avoided if a special group is formed just to make the decision. An astute
manager, for example, should know who in the organization may try to dominate
and can either avoid putting that person in the group or put several strong-willed
people together.
To avoid groupthink, each member of the group or team should critically evaluate all
alternatives. So that members present divergent viewpoints, the leader should not make
his or her position known too early. At least one member of the group or team might be
assigned the role of devil’s advocate. And, after reaching a preliminary decision, the
group or team should hold a follow-up meeting wherein divergent viewpoints can be
raised again if any group members wish to do so.
46
Gould Paper Corporation used
these methods by assigning managers to two different teams. The teams then spent an
entire day in a structured debate presenting the pros and cons of each side of an issue
to ensure the best possible decision.
groupthink
A situation that
occurs when a group
or team’s desire for
consensus and
cohesiveness
overwhelms its
desire to reach the
best possible
decision
118
Part 2:
Planning
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SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES AND KEY POINTS
1.
Define decision making, and discuss types of
decisions and decision-making conditions.
• Decision making is the act of choosing one
alternative from among a set of alternatives.
• The decision-making process includes recog-
nizing and defining the nature of a decision
situation, identifying alternatives, choosing the
“best” alternative, and putting it into practice.
• Two common types of decisions are
programmed and nonprogrammed.
• Decisions may be made under states of
certainty, risk, or uncertainty.
2.
Discuss rational perspectives on decision making,
including the steps involved.
• Rational perspectives on decision making rest
on the classical model.
• This model assumes that managers have
complete information and that they will behave
rationally. The primary steps in rational
decision making are the following:
• Recognizing and defining the situation
• Identifying alternatives
• Evaluating alternatives
• Selecting the best alternative
• Implementing the chosen alternative
• Following up and evaluating the effective-
ness of the alternative after it is implemented
3.
Describe the behavioral aspects of decision making.
• Behavioral aspects of decision making rely on
the administrative model.
• This model recognizes that managers use
incomplete information and do not always
behave rationally.
• The administrative model also recognizes the
concepts of bounded rationality and satisficing.
• Political activities by coalitions, managerial
intuition, and the tendency to become increas-
ingly committed to a chosen course of action
are all important.
• Risk propensity is also an important behavioral
perspective on decision making.
• Ethics also affect how managers make
decisions.
4.
Discuss group and team decision making, includ-
ing its advantages and disadvantages and how it
can be more effectively managed.
• To help enhance decision-making effectiveness,
managers often use interacting, Delphi, or
nominal groups or teams.
• Group and team decision making in general has
several advantages and disadvantages relative to
individual decision making.
• Managers can adopt a number of strategies to
help groups and teams make better decisions.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

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