Convenience



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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

108
Part 2:
Planning
Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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escalators and elevators, and capable of carrying 655 passengers. Airbus’s development
costs alone are estimated to be more than $12 billion.
Following Up and Evaluating the Results
The final step in the decision-making
process requires that managers evaluate the effectiveness of their decision—that is, they
should make sure that the chosen alternative has served its original purpose. If an imple-
mented alternative appears not to be working, the manager can respond in several ways.
Another previously identified alternative (the original second or third choice, for
instance) could be adopted. Or the manager might recognize that the situation was not
correctly defined to begin with and start the process all over again. Finally, the manager
might decide that the original alternative is in fact appropriate but has not yet had time
to work or should be implemented in a different way.
18
-/AFP/Getty
Im
ages/New
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Boeing and Airbus used rational perspectives to arrive at different decisions about major
investments in developing new airplanes. Airbus decided to build the A380, the world’s largest
passenger plane. Boeing, meanwhile, chose to develop a smaller but much more fuel efficient
plane named the 787 Dreamliner.
Chapter 4:
Managing Decision Making
1 0 9
Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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Failure to evaluate decision effectiveness may have serious consequences. The Penta-
gon once spent $1 8 billion and eight years developing the Sergeant York antiaircraft
gun. From the beginning, tests revealed major problems with the weapon system, but
not until it was in its final stages, when it was demonstrated to be completely ineffective,
was the project scrapped.
At this point, both Boeing and Airbus are still learning about the consequences of
their decisions. Airbus’s A380 has been placed in commercial service. However, the
plane has suffered numerous mechanical problems. Moreover, because the weakened
economy has dealt a blow to large international airlines, some of them—such as Qantas
Airways and Emirates Airlines—deferred or cancelled orders for the plane. Airbus esti-
mated that it needs to sell 420 A380s before it starts making a profit. Current projections
suggest that sales of the plane may not hit that target until at least 2020.
19
Meanwhile, it
appeared for a while that Boeing’s commitment to the new 787 might prove to be the
best decision of all. A key element of the new plane is that it is much more fuel efficient
than other international airplanes. Given the dramatic surge in fuel costs in recent years,
a fuel-efficient option like the 787 is likely to be an enormous success. However, the 787
has suffered from numerous manufacturing problems and was not available for passen-
ger service until 2012 (over 3 years late). The plane also experienced problems in 2013
and was grounded for several weeks. New problems surfaced in early 2014 as well. So, its
real impact will not be known for a few more years.
20

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