Contents Introduction Teaching Aids as an integral component of the classroom

there are many problems with this arrangement and you find it very difficult to work. Write a letter to the accommodation officer of the college. In the letter
 describe the situation
 explain your problems and why it is difficult to work, say what kind of accommodation you would prefer” These above mentioned games can make the classroom very lively and interactive. A teacher should know KWL chart before starting any topic in which he should know about the previous knowledge of the students and the lesson plan is always based on previous knowledge where students give the answers on the basis of their previous knowledge which becomes the primary answers. It decides the material of the topic because if the students are acquainted with Noun then only they will try to learn Pronoun and it will show their will to learn. So, the teacher should know what they are willing to learn and in the classroom assessment a teacher can know what they learnt. For assessing the students in the classroom we can use some materials: 1. Think- Pair-Share: In this process students can think individually, then in pairs, and then share with the class. A teacher can involve the students in a better way where they can talk and share their experience with more confidence. This material opens up the ways of honing speaking skills where the students will be speaking after sharing their thoughts which help them to reproduce many thoughts because when we talk about second language, students say that they are unable to find out the words/thoughts while speaking in English. So, this material can provide the platform of ideas/thoughts. 2. Three minute pause: The three minute pause provides a chance to the students to think and interpret the concepts and ideas that have just been introduced to and it would be easy for him/her to make connections to their prior knowledge for better understanding. Human being is a creature with impetus thoughts and for effective communication the synchronization of thoughts is very necessary. The instructed three minute break can help out the students to think and comprehend in a better way. 3. Recapitulation of the topic: The teacher should take care of the topic which he is covering in the assigned class. He starts by making a bridge between the previous knowledge and the current knowledge (to be taught) and this can be better attained by providing recapitulation. This can be achieved by asking questions related to the topic. Topic can be recapitulated by organizing quizzes in the class or the students can be asked to explain the topic like a teacher to the class and it really catalyses the learning environment of the classroom. Just introduced topic should be recapitulated by the students which would hone the understanding skill of the students. 4. Observation: Teacher can divide the classroom into the group and after assigning some task; teacher can walk around the classroom and observe students as they work to check for learning. The observation plays a vital role to tackle the mixed ability classroom. By this method, a teacher can pay attention towards the weak students of the class who do not pay attention to the class and hesitate to ask questions in front of the entire class. 5. Face-to-Face conversation: A teacher should try to have a face to face interaction with the students which is a key material to know the exact problems of the students. The level of understanding of the students can be better understood by F2F. Worksheets can also be a very effective material for learning in an effective way. A teacher should take appropriate care while making the worksheets. Questions should be based on skills and sub skills. Questions which are based on skills are productive and receptive. The questions based on sub skills can provide specific information, detailed information, and general information. Fill in the blank reveals the specific information. Multiple choice questions identify the topic, context, function, gist. The questions can be of the following types: 1. Yes-No Questions 2. Wh-Question 3. Tag questions 4. Choice Questions 5. Hypothetical Questions 6. Embedded questions To improve the vocabulary of the students the word scrambles or jumbles help a lot. The letters of each word can be mixed up and students have to put them into the proper order. A teacher can set this type of material by keeping the scramble with the help of key vocabulary, spelling list words, names of students in the classroom and teachers’ last names etc.
Allwright says, “Materials should teach students to learn, that they should be resource books for ideas and activities for instruction/learning, and that they should give teachers rationales for what they do”xi. Learners are oriented towards the instruction and learning. Any syllabus or curriculum has the goals of learning, the methods of learning, etc and teachers help the learners to learn. Teachers are required to follow the curriculum and provide a better platform to understand the curriculum with the help of materials. Teachers may adapt, supplement, and elaborate the materials to disseminate the content to the students and they need to monitor the progress of the students and finally evaluate the students. Teachers and students rely on materials to comprehend the content, and the materials become the centre of education. Therefore, it is important for the teachers to know the correct methods, to choose the best material for instruction and they should also know how to make supplementary materials for the class, and how to adapt materials.