Confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption crimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia



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OECD-Confiscation-of-Proceeds-of-Corruption-Crimes-ENG

Serbia’s
Law of on Seizure and Confiscation of 
Proceeds from Crime, should it not be possible to seize the proceeds from crime, other assets that 
commensurate with the value of the proceeds from crime shall be seized. 
Pursuant to criminal law of 
Romanian
, if the assets [instrumentalities, proceeds of crime and profit thereof] 
subject to confiscation are not to be found, money and other assets shall be confiscated instead, up to the 
value thereof (paragraph 5 of Article 112 of the Criminal Code of Romania). The similar approach is 
observed if the proceeds of crime subject to confiscation cannot be singled out from the licit property. In this 
instance, there shall be confiscated the property up to the value of the proceeds of crime subject to 
confiscation. The same provisions shall be also applied to the income or other valuable benefits obtained 
from the proceeds of crime subject to confiscation, which cannot be singled out from the licit property 
(Article 33 of Romania’s Law No. 656 on the prevention and sanctioning of money laundering and 
combating terrorism financing). 
In accordance with paragraphs 5 and 6 of Article 106-1 of the Criminal Code of 
Moldova
, the value 
confiscation is applied when a property no longer exists or when it has been intermingled with property 
acquired from legitimate sources, as well as when the instrumentalities and proceeds of crime and profit 
thereof have been transformed or converted into other property. In such cases, the purpose behind the 
confiscation of the money or other property is to cover their value. 
As per the legislation of 
Slovenia
, money, valuables and any other property benefit gained through or owing 
to the committing of a criminal offence shall be confiscated from the perpetrator or recipient; if confiscation 
cannot be carried out, property equivalent to the property benefit shall be confiscated from them (Article 75 
of the Criminal Code of Slovenia). When the property benefit or property equivalent to the property benefit 
cannot be confiscated from the perpetrator or other recipient, the perpetrator shall be obliged to pay a sum 
of money equivalent to this property benefit (Article 501 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Slovenia). This 
wording allows to effectively apply confiscation of objects, such as the property of equivalent value, from 
the perpetrator and the informed third persons. 
In some countries of the ACN, the property of equivalent value coves only the monetary compensation for 
the gained criminal proceeds but does not include therein the other equivalent property (for example, real 
estate items, transport facilities, and so on). Thus, the Criminal Code of 
Montenegro
obliges the offender 
19
See Disposal of confiscated assets in the EU Member States. Laws and Practices. Centre for the study of democracy. 2014, page 
18. 


32 
 
pay for the monetary value, should it not be possible to seize the property acquired through a criminal offence 
for some reason or another (Article 113). Similar provision is set forth in paragraph 4 of Article 77 of the 
Criminal Code of 

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