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1.5 Design Considerations:
Households:
355
Forecasted
Population
2208
Health post demand
2500lpd
Hotels’ demand
100 l/bed/day for bedded hotels and 750 l/day for non-bedded hotels
Demand in schools
10 l/pupil/day
Population Growth rate
0.64% per annum
Per Capita
Domestic Demand
45 lpcd
Design Period
15 Years
Scheme Type
Lifting Water Supply
Type of Intake
Sump Well
1.6
Design Components of the project:
1.6.1 Source details
There are no surface sources above the project area so lift water supply system
has been proposed in this
case. Water is pumped from the source
Cha khola
in multiple stages as the total head from the intake to main
reservoir tank is tremendously high (total dynamic head is 774.92 meters). In total, 8
pumps with various
capacities are used. The water in the source is abundant and its quality is also very good to meet the water
demands of the service area.
1.6.2 Sump Well
Sump Well is a well, hole, shaft or excavation made on ground for the purpose of extracting ground water
from the sub surface. The water is then pumped, reserved and distributed for consumption. In case of
drinking water supply, quality and long term supply are the most important considerations; enough ground
water must be available to meet the pumping requirements. Sump well is proposed at Tribeni, where water
table is found at shallow depth all year.
1.6.3 Transmission & distribution pipe
Transmission pipes are used for transmission of water from Intake to Reservoir tank and Distribution pipes
are used for distribution of water from reservoir tank to the service areas. For transmission pipeline works,
GI pipes of various sizes and classes are used whereas for distribution works, HDPE pipes of various sizes
and series are used. In total, 2717m of transmission and 32 kms of distribution pipeline network are proposed
for this extensive project. The diameters of the pipes have been calculated by maintaining minimum pressure
at the end of each cluster and using standard formulae. The diameters and other details of the pipeline have
been attached in the drawings and the cost estimates.
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1.6.4 Distribution Chamber (DC)
It is a chamber provided at a junction in the pipeline when water has to be
conveyed into more than one
direction at atmospheric pressure. For this project, 1 distribution chamber has been proposed to distribute
water from the main reservoir tank in three different directions.
1.6.5 Break Pressure Chamber (BPC)
This is a tank located in the distribution system to break the excessive internal water pressure built in the
pipeline. The high pressure will burst the pipes unless high pressure rating pipes are used which will make
the system costly. Break pressure chamber converts the high pressure into atmospheric pressure forming the
new static level. 4 such chambers have been provided.
1.6.6
Valves and Fittings
These are various accessories provided in the pipeline network for proper functioning, utilization and
maintenance purposes. Valves are provided to control and regulate the flow of water,
to prevent the
backward flow, to release the excessive pressure built up, to release and admit the air and to drain the
pipeline sections. Fittings are provided during pipe laying, which allow pipes
to be installed in the
appropriate place and terminated where necessary.
1.6.7 Anchor Block
or vertical directions, support is to be provided. GI pipes which should not be buried under the ground should
be supported by anchor blocks. It is an RCC structure with 1:2:4 concrete mortars, with 15cm stone soling
For reducing the internal pressure and centrifugal force exerted by the moving water at pipe bends either in
horizontal.
1.6.8 Reservoir tank
Reservoir tanks are constructed to balance the variations of water demand in a day. It stores surplus water
during low demand period and fulfills the deficit during the peak hours. Considering the daily water
requirement and water pumped from the source, the capacity of the reservoir tank is calculated. Other
dimensions and specifications for the Reservoir tank are mentioned in the cost estimates and drawings.
2 main service reservoirs (Main RVT and Int-RVT 2) have been proposed of capacities 75m3 and 35 m3.
Other 7 reservoirs (2 existing at Mahankal I and II and 5 new for each cluster) have been proposed to meet
the demands of each cluster. Similarly, an intermediate reservoir tank of 10 m3 has been proposed to convey
water from the intake to Int- RVT 2. The distribution
system is intermittent, supplying water for about 14
hours a day.
1.6.9 Stream Crossing
Along the pipeline route, the pipeline alignment often crosses cross drainage like streams, kholsas,
gullies
and rivers. The crossing or the arrangement for the pipe to cross through the stream without damage has been
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designed depending upon the depth, span, gradient and characteristic of bed materials of the stream. Various
types of crossing are mentioned in the abstract of cost.
1.6.10 Tap
Simple tap stands with fittings are provided for each house connection. There are total 460 private house
connections for this project. The details of fittings and pipes are mentioned in detailed cost estimate of house
connection in the cost estimates.
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