14. Bring Mindfulness into Schools
During the school year nearly half of a child’s waking hours are spent at school,
which can be a high-stress climate with a great deal of pressure to compete and
achieve. Bullying and social exclusion can add to the stress.
American teenagers cite their stress level as being a six on a scale of ten
during the school year. In summer, their stress levels drop strikingly. So we have
to ask ourselves whether it makes sense to have so much of an American teen’s
day taken up with high-stakes performance-based endeavors—studying, tests,
exams, AP tests, SATs, ACTs.
In 2014, hundreds of educators gathered in Washington, DC, for the
Mindfulness in Education Conference and to explore how to bring compassion
and mindfulness into our schools. One of the conference leaders, Jack Kornfield,
PhD, noted that teachers and educators are beginning to understand that “when
you are trying to teach a child and their parents are in the midst of a divorce,
how are they supposed to come and be quiet at their desk and learn how to write
an essay?”
We need to look at kids’ home and school stress levels, and give them the
skills to manage or decrease their stress.
Recent studies show that learning mindfulness and meditation improve mental
health, grades, and decrease stress in high school students. One study found that
students who take a ten-minute lesson in mindfulness meditation stay less
stressed during high-stakes math exams, scoring on average five points higher in
math than other students. Individuals trained in meditation perform significantly
better on standardized tests that require focused attention, and adolescent boys
who take four forty-minute classes and practice with a CD for eight or more
minutes a day experience a greater feeling of well-being.
Another study found that adolescents who took a course on mindfulness had
less depression and lower stress levels—and the more they practiced
mindfulness, the less stressed they felt and the greater well-being they
experienced, even three months after the study. Christina Bethell, PhD, professor
at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, found that children with
two or more ACEs who had developed some aspects of resilience—such as the
ability to stay calm and in control when faced with a challenge—were over one
and a half times more likely to be engaged with their classwork compared to
similar children with two or more ACEs who had not learned resilience.
Meanwhile, schools are starting to pay attention to the fact that students may
be dealing with trauma at home, in their neighborhoods, and even at their
schools. In one school in the state of Washington, administrators implemented
trauma-informed practices to help support kids who may be facing adversity at
home. Their goal was to change their discipline system from “a blame-shame-
punishment approach” to one of taking care of kids—and teachers—so that kids
can learn. They found that in a kindergarten-to-fifth-grade school setting of 275
students in the more caring environment, suspensions plummeted by 89 percent
and kids were expelled less frequently. According to Jane Stevens, founder and
editor of
ACEsTooHigh.com
, a news site, and ACEsConnection, a social
network whose members are implementing practices based on ACE research,
“Trauma-sensitive schools are better schools.” Hundreds of schools are taking
up this trauma-based approach, but, says Stevens, “we need to take this to a
national level to have broad impact.”
This also means we need to help train teachers to be mindful, too. Robert
Whitaker MD, a pediatrician and professor of pediatrics and public health at
Temple University, has been looking at how mindfulness protects people from
the physical and mental health effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences.
Working with more than two thousand teachers and staff in Head Start
programs, he found that many of these individuals had suffered from ACEs, but
those who practiced mindfulness reported more positive mental and physical
health outcomes no matter how many ACEs they’d experienced.
When teachers stay mindful and calm, even when kids show behavioral or
other problems, they are better able to create a safe environment for their
students. Whitaker says, “The presence or connection with other adults who can
help make sense of the meaning of one’s life in the context of suffering helps a
child become resilient.” It’s essential to have “a compassionate response from a
person with whom the child feels safe.”
“How we help our talented teachers to reduce their stress levels matters, too,”
says Stevens.
As parents, caregivers, and educators, we can ask parent-teacher associations
and schools to bring in mindfulness programs for our children and to emphasize
learning how to manage stressful feelings as part of a well-rounded education for
success.
In Conclusion
Childhood adversity can tear you down but it can also be your single greatest
impetus for growth. It takes tremendous courage and inner strength to transform
the trauma of childhood adversity into a journey toward post-traumatic growth.
But when you do reorient yourself, you open to the possibility of healing.
It’s important to walk a fine line between embracing the complexity of ACE
science, and assuming it means you will never have the chance for a happy,
fulfilling and contented life.
Writer Andrew Solomon, author
The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of
Depression
as well as
Far from the Tree: Parents, Children, and the Search for
Identity
, talks about having endured the torment of bullying as a child for being
“different”—he would ultimately realize those differences were all connected to
his being gay. “Those early experiences can be very powerful and very
determinative; you end up developing an image of yourself, an image of what
your strengths are, an image of your weaknesses, an image of the ways in which
the world is going to limit you.”
However, says Solomon, “You need to take the traumas and make them part
of who you’ve come to be,” folding “the worst events of your life into a
narrative of triumph, evincing a better self in response to things that hurt.”
“We cannot bear a pointless torment,” Solomon says, “but we can endure
great pain if we believe that it’s purposeful.” Indeed, it is “our misfortunes that
drive our search for meaning.”
The recognition that you have lived through hard times also drives you to
develop deeper empathy, seek more intimacy, value life’s sweeter moments, and
treasure your connectedness to others and to the world at large. This is the hard-
won benefit of having known suffering.
Researchers have found that in the last decades of life, between the ages of
sixty-five and eighty-four, those who never suffered from childhood adversity
have
greater
levels of inflammatory hormones than do those who faced
childhood adversity. Perhaps over time, as we begin to make meaning of our
experiences, incorporate our past into our complex identity, and accept how it
has shaped who we are now, we ultimately gain some deeper sense of self and
self-acceptance.
People who met up with adversity in the past have “an elevated capacity for
savoring,” say researchers, who also concluded that “the worst experiences in
life may come with an eventual upside, by promoting the ability to appreciate
life’s small pleasures.”
Ultimately, when you embrace the process of healing despite your Adverse
Childhood Experiences, you don’t just become who you might have been if you
hadn’t encountered so much childhood suffering in the first place. You gain
something better: the hard-earned gift of life wisdom, which you bring forward
into every arena of your life.
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