5. Mindfulness Meditation—the Best Method for Repairing the Brain
Brain scans of individuals who faced childhood adversity often show a loss of
interconnectivity in areas that are critical to creating loving relationships,
activating a sense of calm in the face of stress, and downshifting the
inflammatory response. When these connections are underdeveloped, we have
little awareness of our own feelings and lack consciousness about the effects of
our behavior on others. We can’t see how our defensive patterns of interacting
are hurting those we care for—and we can’t see how they are hurting us. We
lack insight into how to improve our relationships. We are limited. Our
happiness is limited. We limit the happiness of others.
Mindfulness meditation helps to change our brain—and to bring the brain
back online and reset our inflammation response. In one recent study,
individuals who practiced mindfulness meditation and mindfulness-based stress
reduction (MBSR) during a one-day, eight-hour retreat demonstrated physical
changes that reduced their response to stress and their levels of inflammatory
hormones. They were able to recover faster from stress and they were less
reactive to stress. They still pumped out inflammatory hormones such as cortisol
when stressed, but their cortisol levels went down more quickly once the stressor
had passed. Faster “cortisol recovery” means you can rebound more quickly
from stressful situations. It means that you reduce the time that your body and
mind are bathed in inflammatory chemicals. This leads to less physical and
neural inflammation and less physical disease, anxiety, and depression.
Meditation can help you learn to calm your mind, and increase emotional and
physical well-being even if you came of age amid a range of Adverse Childhood
Experiences.
Dr. Ryan Herringa, assistant professor of child and adolescent psychiatry at
the University of Wisconsin, says that this is true for kids, too. “When kids
practice mindfulness they may strengthen the same circuits of the brain
weakened by early adversity and childhood trauma—including the frontal lobe
and the hippocampus.”
Mindfulness meditation has been shown to help individuals regulate emotions,
respond flexibly to others, evaluate options, and make appropriate decisions. It
also increases empathy, self-awareness, and self-reflection, and helps relieve
feelings of fearfulness. When you become aware of your breath and bodily
sensations, you trigger an underlying mechanism that helps you to regulate and
reduce painful feelings.
According to Trish Magyari, LCPC, a mindfulness-based psychotherapist and
researcher who specializes in trauma and illness, adults suffering from PTSD
due to childhood sexual abuse who took part in a “trauma-sensitive”
mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program, showed less anxiety,
depression, and PTSD symptoms, and these improvements lasted even two years
after taking the course. In another study, people who took an eight-week MBSR
course showed an increase in the density and concentration of the gray matter of
the hippocampus, the area associated with memory, processing emotions, and
managing stress. MBSR training (which includes twenty-six hours of class time
—usually eight short sessions and one all-day class) has also been shown to
increase gray matter in the brain stem, helping to modulate the release of stress
hormones.
In other words, meditation may help repopulate the brain with gray matter—
and the neurons that may have been pruned so many years ago.
These are stunning health benefits from a very simple practice: you focus on
your breath, note and name your thoughts, let them go, and see that you are not
your thoughts. You free yourself from worrying, spinning stories, and
ruminating, in order to be in the present moment. You free yourself from your
inflammatory responses.
When you breathe deeply and bring oxygen into your lungs, that oxygen
travels throughout the body, into the cells, where it supports all life-giving
biological pathways. As you breathe in and out with long, slow breaths through
mindful breathing, you also strengthen and recharge the activity of your
underactive parasympathetic nervous system. Although physicians can prescribe
many medications that can dampen the activity of the sympathetic nervous
system, including valium and SSRIs, there is no medication that can help to
boost the parasympathetic nervous system. Your breath is the best calming
treatment known.
To establish a daily meditation practice, it’s important to start with an attitude
of unconditional friendliness toward yourself, and give permission for the
meditation experience to be whatever it is, says Tara Brach, PhD, meditation
teacher and psychologist.
Set a regular time and space for your daily sitting. You can sit on a chair or a
cushion on the floor, whatever is most comfortable. Be aware of your posture, so
that you can remain alert and awake. Allow your hands to rest comfortably on
your knees or lap. “Close your eyes, relax, and let go,” says Brach. Take several
full deep breaths, and with each exhalation, consciously let go, relaxing the face,
shoulders, hands, and belly area. Consciously releasing body tension will help
you open to whatever arises during your meditation. “You might take a few
minutes at the beginning of your meditation to scan through the body with your
attention, softening and becoming aware of sensations from the inside out,” she
suggests. Listen to sounds with your senses open. Feel the space around you in
and outside the room.
Choose a primary anchor for your meditation: you might choose to focus on
the breath as it enters and leaves the nostrils; the rise and fall of your chest;
sensations in your hands or through the whole body; or sounds within or around
you.
When you notice that you have drifted off and become lost in thought, come
back to your anchor. You might, Brach suggests, “Rest in the inflow and outflow
of the breath as your home base, and also be mindful of the sounds in the room,
a feeling of sleepiness, an itch, heat.”
Dan Siegel, MD, offers this helpful image. Imagine your awareness as a great
wheel. At the hub of the wheel is your mindful sense of awareness, and from this
hub, many spokes extend out to the rim. You’ve been conditioned to move your
attention away from that sense of inner awareness, out along the spokes, and to
affix it to one part of the rim after another. You judge yourself for what you said
in a phone conversation a few hours earlier; you remember a scene with your
mother from when you were ten; your neck hurts; you feel trepidation over an
upcoming doctor’s appointment, anger at your spouse for not helping with
dinner. You get caught up in spinning stories about what you or others did
wrong. If you are not connected to your hub, your sense of inner awareness, if
your attention is trapped out on the rim, you are cut off from yourself, living in
what Tara Brach calls “a trance.”
Training in mindfulness allows you to return to the still center of the wheel
and live your moments with full awareness.
As you begin to practice meditation, remember that getting distracted is
natural. When a thought arises, notice it and name it: here is worrying, here is
judging. Then let it go.
“Just as the body secretes enzymes, the mind generates thoughts,” Brach
explains. Thoughts are not the enemy. “When you recognize that you have been
lost in thought, relax back into the actual experience of being Here. Listen to
sounds, re-relax your shoulders, hands, and belly, and relax your heart. Arrive
again in mindful presence, senses wide open. Notice the difference between any
thought and the vividness of this Here-ness.”
For Kat, one of her most profound turning points in healing came from
mindfulness meditation. “I’d watched a movie called
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