same time. The mind of the child fragments because those two circuits are trying
to function together and integrate, and they can’t.”
Parents who can’t manage their own feelings and reactions can be terrifying to
kids. They’re a chronic, unpredictable stressor in their children’s lives. To the
children, “Emotions become futile,” says Lanius. “It would drive you crazy to be
feeling a lot of emotions and yet to know you can’t act on what you feel, and so
you become disassociated from your feeling state, you become emotionally
unaware of what’s going on around you.”
Even if the trauma emanates from another source of adversity—a parent has
died, or is deathly ill, or a child’s parents are divorcing—a child can’t resolve
their fight-or-flight reaction by fighting or fleeing. It’s just not going to help.
The default-mode network, Lanius says, starts to go offline. It’s no longer
helping that child to figure out what’s relevant, or what he needs to be aware of
in order to figure out what to do next. “Shutting down one’s feelings becomes
the only way to survive childhood,” says Lanius. Which means that people with
chronic early life trauma often emerge from childhood very unaware of their
feeling states.
Years later, this freezing or shutting off has immense consequences in
relationships. We may simply turn off unpleasant feelings, unable to respond
with compassion for ourselves or others, or be turned off by anyone showing
signs of neediness in general. We might not recognize dangerous or unhealthy
situations and interactions, which leads us to enter or stay in relationships that
are chaotic and harmful because they seem familiar and safe. We may veer, with
little warning, from a state of little feeling into a state of heightened feeling. We
may give too much in a relationship or to needy friends or family, because we’re
emotionally unattuned to our own interior cues that should tell us we need to
draw stronger boundaries—then we may erupt in anger when we realize that
we’re giving more than we’re receiving.
Lanius helps patients who have experienced trauma in their youth to be aware of
their feelings again—often for the first time (we’ll read more about that in
Chapter Seven). “Many of them have never felt positive emotions—they have a
complete inability to experience positive feelings, and when they do feel
something positive, they’re immediately flooded with negative emotions,” she
says.
This is borne out by a study that found that kids who lost a parent early in life
didn’t necessarily have more negative moods than other people did—they simply
had fewer
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