Assessment
the particular young person’s stage of emotional,
cognitive and psychological development, which
may differ according to their physical maturity. It
is important that the child’s or adolescent’s individ-
ual autonomy is given due respect. This issue can
cause tension in the assessment phase, but should
not be ignored. Confidentiality is linked with this
issue. It will be important that children can speak
in confidence about certain issues. However, the
limits to confidentiality with respect to concerns
about the safety/well-being of themselves and oth-
ers need to be outlined to them. Thus, it may not
always be possible to guarantee full confidentiality,
and the young person is entitled to a full expla-
nation of how this right will, as far as possible,
be respected. Many of those young people whose
difficulties persist into adulthood will have their
first encounter with mental health services dur-
ing their childhood. The nature of this experience
will affect their future compliance and engage-
ment with mental health services, so it is especially
important to consider the long-term implications
of their interaction with professionals at this stage.
When seeing an adolescent it is helpful to
establish what they personally see as the problem.
They may not agree they have a problem at all.
Even if they do not agree with the parent or
referrer, the examiner can still establish a rapport,
and it is important to engage with the young
person. As with younger children, the issue of
confidentiality and its limits should be established.
The process of assessment should be explained
clearly. A psychiatric mental state examination
should be carried out (see Box 38.1). The interview
should also include a sexual, forensic, and drug
and alcohol history.
It is important to end the interview in a way that
leaves children and adolescents feeling that their
perspective matters. Other useful information can
also be gained at this stage. It is important to ask
the young person if there is anything else they
would like to talk about or that they think the
interviewer should know that would be helpful for
the assessment. It is also important to ask if they
want to ask any questions about the assessment,
possible interventions, or any other matters of
concern or interest to them. With a younger child,
a helpful technique is to ask the child: ‘if you
had three wishes what would you wish for?’ They
often respond giving useful information about their
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