28
, 415– 24.
237
Paediatric neuropsychological assessment II: domains for assessment
Table 37.1
Memory assessment measures.
Assessment
Target
Reference
Non-specific
Age range
Comments
function
population
abilities
∗
(to nearest
(
n
)
in each
whole year)
age band
Automated
Working Memory
Assessment [26]
Memory — short-term
and working memory
Visual-spatial and
verbal
59—67
4—22
Computer
administration
and scoring
Working Memory
Test Battery for
Children [3]
Memory — short-term
and working memory
Visual-spatial and
verbal
59—100
4.7—16
Children’s
Auditory Verbal
Learning
Test — 2 [27]
Memory — verbal,
immediate and delayed
recall and recognition
30—81
6—17
Wide Range
Assessment of
Memory and
Learning [28]
Memory — verbal and
visual, delayed and
immediate, recall and
recognition
110—117
5—15
Rey—Osterrieth
Complex Figure
[29,30]
Memory — visual,
immediate, delayed
and recognition
18—48
Planning, visuo-
motor skills
6—15
Children’s
Memory
Scale [31]
Memory — visual,
verbal, immediate,
delayed recall,
attention, recognition,
learning
100
2—16
It is possible to
predict a
General Memory
Index Score
from WISC FS IQ
Digit Span
(WISC-IV
UK
) [1]
Memory — auditory
working
74
6—16
Rivermead
Behavioural
Memory Test
[32,33]
Memory — everyday
tasks
100
5—14
The Visual
Memory
Battery [34]
Memory — working and
stored, recognition and
learning
40
Sustained
attention
(Matching to
Sample subtest)
4—adult
Computer
administration
and scoring.
Motor speed is
controlled
NEPSY — memory
subtests [25]
Memory — visual,
verbal, immediate and
delayed
100
3—16
Appropriate
subtests: names
and faces;
narrative;
sentences; list
learning
Color Object
Assessment Test
(COAT) [4]
Declarative memory
94—139
per 6-month
age band
18—36 months
Only preschool
memory
assessment
∗
Intact senses and motivation are assumed in all cases.
238
Assessment
Table 37.2
Language assessment measures.
Assessment
Target
Reference
Non-specific
Age range
Comments
function
population
abilities
∗
(to nearest
(
n
)
in each
whole year)
age band
Clinical
Evaluation of
Language
Fundamentals —
3 [35]
Language —
spoken
expressive and
receptive
151—267
Auditory
attention
5—adult
Test—retest
reliability on
some subtests is
low
Clinical
Evaluation of
Language
Fundamentals —
preschool [36]
Language —
spoken
expressive and
receptive
100
Auditory
attention
3—6
Test—retest
reliability on
some subtests is
low
Test for the
Reception
of Grammar
(TROG) [37]
Language —
spoken receptive
grammar
120—217
4—adult
TROG-E was
published in 2005
and is a
computerized
version of same
test
British Picture
Vocabulary
Scale [38]
Language —
spoken receptive
naming grammar
183—423
Visual
discrimination
3—16
1997 stimuli are
less ambiguous
than those in
previous editions
Renfrew
Language
Scales [39]
Language —
spoken
comprehension,
word finding,
expression,
narrative speech
58—101
3—8
Token Test [40]
Language —
spoken receptive
comprehension of
language
concepts
29—53
Short-term
(working)
auditory
memory
6—13
NEPSY —
language
subtests [25]
Language —
expressive and
receptive,
cognitive
processes related
to language
100
3—16
Appropriate
subtests:
phonological
processing;
speeded naming;
repetition of
non-words;
comprehension of
instructions
∗
Intact senses and motivation are assumed in all cases.
239
Paediatric neuropsychological assessment II: domains for assessment
Table 37.3
Attention assessment measures.
Assessment
Target
Reference
Non-specific
Age range
Comments
function
population
abilities
∗
(to nearest
(
n
)
in each
whole year)
age band
Continuous
Performance
Test [6]
Attention — visual
sustained
attention and
impulsivity
(behavioural
inhibition)
40
Age-appropriate
reading
6—adult
Gender-
differentiated
norms
Test of
Everyday
Attention [13]
Attention —
auditory and visual
sustained and
selective
attention,
response inhibition
29—58
Basic numeracy is
required for some
subtests
6—15
Cambridge
Neuropsycho-
logical Test
Automated
Battery [34]
Attention —
sustained,
selective and
divided
40
4—adult
Computer
administration
and scoring.
Motor speed is
controlled
NEPSY —
attention
subtests [25]
Attention —
auditory —
selective and
sustained
(vigilance)
100
5—-16
Appropriate
subtest: Auditory
Attention and
Response Set
∗
Intact senses and motivation are assumed in all cases.
[8]
Eden GF, VanMeter JW, Rumsey JM
et al
. (1996)
Abnormal processing of visual motion in dyslexia
revealed by functional brain imaging.
Nature
382
,
66– 9.
[9]
Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Loring DW, Hannay HJ,
Fischer JS (2004)
Neuropsychological Assessment
.
Oxford Unitversity Press.
[10]
Crawford JR, Anderson V, Rankin PM, MacDonald
J. (2010) An index-based short-form of the WISC-
IV with accompanying analysis of the reliability and
abnormality of difference.
British Journal of Clinical
Psychology
49
, 235–58.
[11]
Snowling MJ, Adams JW, Bishop DV, Stothard
SE
et al
. (2001) Educational attainments of school
leavers with a preschool history of speech-language
impairments.
International Journal of Language and
Communication Disorders
36
, 173– 83.
[12]
Wechsler D. (2005)
Wechsler Individual Attainment
Test
. London: The Psychological Corporation.
[13]
Manly T, Robertson IH, Anderson V. (1999)
Test
of Everyday Attention for Children
(TEACh). Bury
St Edmunds: Thames Valley Test Co..
[14]
Benton AL. (1994) Neuropsychological assessment.
Annual Review of Psychology
45
, 1–23.
[15]
Elliot C. (1983)
British Ability Scales Manual II
.
Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson.
[16]
Kaufman AS and Kaufman NL. (1983)
Kaufman
Assessment Battery for Children
. Circle Pines, MN:
American Guidance Service.
[17]
Rey A. (1941) L’examen psychologique dans un cas
d’encephalopathie traumatique.
Archives of Psy-
chology
28
, 286– 340.
[18]
Osterrieth PA. (1944) Le test de copie d’une figure
complexe: contribution `a l’ ´etude de la percep-
tion m ´emoire.
Archives of Psychology
30
, 286–
356.
[19]
Beery KE. (1997)
The Visual Motor Integration Test:
Administration, Scoring and Teaching Manual
, 4th
edn. Cleveland, OH: Modern Curriculum Press.
[20]
Kempton S, Vance A, Maruff P
et al
. (1999) Exec-
utive function and attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder: stimulant medication and better executive
function performance in children.
Psychology and
Medicine
29
, 527– 38.
240
Assessment
Table 37.4
Spatial/visual assessment measures.
Assessment
Target
Reference
Non-specific
Age range
Comments
function
population
abilities
∗
(to nearest
(
n
)
in each
whole year)
age band
Developmental
Test of Visual
Motor Integra-
tion [19]
Visual discrim-
ination, motor
skill and
visuo-motor
integration
6—16
Impulsivity may
interfere with
performance in
the motor skill
subtest
2—14
Some debate
regarding the
graduation of
test item
difficulty
Trail Making A
and B [41—43]
Visual search
and sequenc-
ing/motor
output
10—101
Knowledge of
number and
alphabet
sequence
6—15
Parts A and B
measure
different
functions
Mental
Rotation —
British Ability
Scales [15]
Visual —
rotation of
abstract
figures
90—189
Conceptual
ability to take
another person’s
perspective
8—14
Gestalt
Closure —
Kaufman
Assessment
Battery for
Children [16]
Visual —
meaningful
stimuli naming
200—300
Knowledge of
industrialized
world objects
2—13
Face
Recognition
Test [14]
Visual/spatial
ability — face
recognition
19—59
6—14
Judgement of
Line Orienta-
tion [44]
Visual—spatial
judgement
23—50
7—14
Rey—
Osterrieth
Complex
Figure Test
(copy
condition)
[17,18,29,30]
Visual/motor
planning
18—48
6—15
Right-left ori-
entation [45]
Spatial
discrimination
7—16
6—16
†
NEPSY — visual
spatial
subtests [25]
Motor and
visual
perception;
line
discrimination
100
3—16
Appropriate
subtests:
Design copy;
arrows; route
finding
∗
Intact senses and motivation are assumed in all cases.
†
Some extrapolated norms.
241
Paediatric neuropsychological assessment II: domains for assessment
Table 37.5
Motor assessment measures.
Assessment
Target
Reference
Age range
Comments
function
population
(to nearest
(
n
)
in each
whole year)
age band
Finger Tapping
Test [46]
Motor speed
20
6—14
Gender-differentiated
norms. Boys are
significantly better at
this task
Purdue
Pegboard Test
[47,48]
Motor dexterity
(fine)
23—40
5—15
Practice effects are
notable
Cambridge Neu-
ropsychological
Test Automated
Battery [34]
Motor speed and
reaction time
40
4—adult
Computer
administration and
scoring. Motor speed is
controlled
Grip
strength [46]
Motor strength
20
6—14 (no
norms for
9—11)
Sex and hand
preference
differentiated norms
NEPSY —
sensorimotor
subtests [25]
Motor dexterity and
motor speed;
imitation of
sequences;
graphomotor speed
and accuracy
100
3—16
Appropriate subtests:
fingertip tapping;
imitating hand
positions, manual
motor sequences,
visuomotor precision
[21]
Ozonoff S, Strayer DL, McMahon WM, Filloux
F. (1994) Executive function abilities in autism
and Tourette syndrome: an information processing
approach.
Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry
35
, 1015– 32.
[22]
Bryson G, Whelahan HA, Bell M. (2001) Mem-
ory and executive function impairments in deficit
syndrome schizophrenia.
Psychiatry Research
102
,
29– 37.
[23]
Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Guy SC, Kenworthy L.
(1996)
Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive
Function
. Psychological Assessment Resources,
Inc.
[24]
Sherman EM and Brooks BL. (2010) Behaviour
Rating
Inventory
of
Executive
Function –
Preschool Version (BRIEF-P): test review and clin-
ical guidelines for use.
Child Neuropsychology
16
,
503– 19.
[25]
Korkman M, Kirk U, Kemp S. (2007)
NEPSY - II: A
Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment II
.
San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
[26]
Alloway TP. (2007)
Automated Working Memory
Assessment
(AWMA). Pearson Education.
[27]
Talley JL. (1993)
Children’s Auditory Verbal Learn-
ing Test – 2
.
Professional Manual
. Lutz, FL: Psycho-
logical Assessment Resources.
[28]
Sheslow D and Adams A. (1990)
Wide Range
Assessment of Memory and Learning
(WRAML).
Wilmington, DE: Wide Range.
[29]
Kolb B and Wishaw I. (1990)
Fundamentals of
Human Neuropsychology
, 3rd edn. New York:
Freeman.
[30]
Meyers JE and Meyers KR. (1995)
Rey Complex
Figure Test and Recognition Trial: Professional
Manual
. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment
Resources Inc..
[31]
Cohen M. (1997)
The Children’s Memory Scale
. San
Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
[32]
Aldrich FK and Wilson B. (1991) Rivermead
Behavioural Memory Test for Children: a prelimi-
nary evaluation.
British Journal of Clinical Psychol-
ogy
30
, 161– 8.
[33]
Wilson BA, Forester S, Bryant T
et al
. (1991) Per-
formance of 11–14-year-olds on the Rivermead
Behavioural Memory Test.
Clinical Psychology
Forum
30
, 8– 10.
242
Assessment
Table 37.6
Executive function and social cognition assessment measures.
Assessment
Target
Reference
Non-specific
Age range
Comments
function
population
abilities
∗
(to nearest
(
n
)
in each
whole year)
age band
Delis—Kaplan
Executive Function
System
(D-KEFS) [49]
Executive function
Approx. 100
8—adult
Some parallel
versions of tasks.
Good variety of
tasks
Behavioural
Assessment of
Dysexecutive
Syndrome
(BADS) [50]
Executive
function — predicts
everyday function
22—32
7—15
Computer
administration and
scoring. Motor
speed is controlled
Cambridge
Neuropsychological
Test Automated
Battery [34]
Executive
function — working
memory and
planning
40
Sustained
attention
(matching to
sample
subtest)
4—adult
Computer
administration and
scoring. Motor
speed is controlled
Trail Making A and
B [41,42,43]
Executive
function — motor
planning and
disinhibition
10—101
Number and
alphabet
sequence
ability
6—15 (some
extrapolated
norms)
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