Treatment for the effects of maltreatment
and prevention of further maltreatment
A comprehensive treatment plan includes:
•
Help for the symptomatic child, following pro-
tection or accompanying work with the mal-
treating caregiver to prevent continuation of the
maltreatment.
•
Work with the maltreating parent(s).
•
Support for the non-abusing caregiver(s).
•
Work with the whole family, including siblings
who may not be (or appear not to be) immedi-
ately involved.
•
Attention to social/environmental disadvantage.
Evidence for the effectiveness of interventions
is variable [19].
As described above, there is no unitary post-
abuse syndrome, even following specific forms
of abuse such as sexual abuse. Evidence-based
therapeutic approaches for the various child
and adolescent mental health difficulties are
indicated. In particular, children who are expe-
riencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
and inappropriate sexualized behaviour benefit
from trauma-focused cognitive behavioural ther-
apy [20]. The developmental and emotional deficits
following neglect need to be addressed, as far as
is possible. This may be achievable by supporting
the child’s parents, providing they are willing to
accept help, and may include the treatment of
the adults’ mental ill health and substance abuse.
Experience shows that such help often needs to be
maintained for long periods, and that change is not
sustained following a short, albeit intensive, course
of intervention. Many children also require educa-
tional remediation for the associated educational
underachievement. Special attention is needed
for the depression, substance abuse and self-harm
that may develop in adolescence following the
experience of childhood or adolescent abuse
or neglect.
As well as emotional and behavioural difficul-
ties, many maltreated children also undergo social
disruption as a consequence of the necessary pro-
tection process. These children are preoccupied
with separations and impermanence, and should
be involved in age-appropriate decision-making.
They require active support through this process.
The child’s parents may initially oppose profes-
sional intervention. Acknowledging responsibility
for the maltreatment, and sometimes for their
inability to protect the child, is a difficult and
painful process for the parents. They require sup-
port and specific therapy geared towards change.
CONCLUSION
Child maltreatment carries a heavy burden of
harm to the child, which may continue into adult-
hood and is a public health issue. Early recognition
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