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Lesson 10. KO‘RSATISH OLMOSHLARI (DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS)

Vocabulary: Countries and nationalities
Ko‘rsatish olmoshlarining birlik va ko‘plik shakllari bor.

Birlikda this bu, shu, that — u, o‘sha, ko‘plikda these — bular, shular,

those — ular, o‘shalar.Ko‘rsatish olmoshlari olmosh-sifat va olmosh-ot bo‘lib keladi.

1. Ko‘rsatish olmosh-sifatlari otning ko‘rsatkichi bo‘lganligi uchun ular- dan keyin kelgan ot oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi. Agar ko‘rsatish olmoshi dan keyin kelgan otning boshqa aniqlovchsi bo‘lsa, ko‘rsatish olmoshi, boshqa ko‘rsatkichlarga o‘xshab, o‘sha aniqlovchidan oldinga qo‘yiladi:

He lives in that house. U o‘sha uyda yashaydi.

He lives in that white house. U o‘sha oq uyda yashaydi

1. This va these olmoshlari gapiruvchining yaqinidagi, that va those esa undan uzoqroqdagi buyumlarni ko‘rsatish uchun ishlatiladi:

This pencil is mine. Bu qalam meniki.

That pencil is yours. U qalam sizniki.

This young man is my brother. Bu yigit mening akam.

Do you know that man? U kishini taniysizmi?

These flowers are very good. Bu gullar juda yaxshi.

I like those flowers. Menga u gullar yoqadi.

2. This country iborasi gapiruvchi yashayotgan mamlakatni, ingliz gazetalarida Angliyani, amerika gazetalarida AQSHni, Gollandiyadan kelgan xabarda Gollandiyani ifodalaydi:

The exports of coal from this country decreased last year.

(Ingliz gazetasidagi maqoladan).

The imports of coal into this country decreased last year (In- gliz gazetasidagi Gollandiya xabaridan).

O‘tgan yili Angliyadan ko‘mir eksport qilish kamaydi.

O‘tgan yili Gollandiyaga ko‘mir import qilish kamaydi.

Agar gapiruvchi oldin borgan, lekin hozir u yerdan chiqib ketgan mamlakat haqida gapirsa that country ishlatiladi:

I was in Bulgaria last year. Men o‘tgan yili Bolgariyaga bordim.

I liked that country very much. U mamlakat menga juda yoqdi.

Ko‘rsatish olmoshlari vaqtga nisbatan ishlatilganda this hozirgi zamon uchun, that o‘tgan va kelasi zamon uchun ishlatiladi:

I am busy at this time. - Men hozir bandman.

It is only the beginning of May. You can’t bathe at this time of the year.

Hozir may oyining boshi. - Yil ning bu paytida cho‘milish mumkin emas.

Countries & Nationalities

The word 'Nationality' is not often used in spoken English. It is a formal and official word and it appears more frequently in written English. You will find the word 'Nationality' is used a lot in the travel industry and for immigration. (Nationality- millat so’zi ingliz tili og’zaki nutqida tez-tez uchramaydi. Bu so’z rasmiy so’z bo’lib ko’p hollarda yozma nutqda duch kelinadi. Nationality –millat so’zi ko’proq sayohat sanoatida va immigratsiyalar bilan bo’lgan vaziyatlarda nutqda ishlatiladi.)

We almost never say: What is your nationality?

Biz deyarli ‘Millatingiz nima?’deb so’ramaymiz.

We usually say: Where are you from? OR Where do you come from?

Biz odatda: “Qayerdansiz?” yoki “Kelib chiqishingiz qayerdan; qayerliksiz?” deb savol beramiz.

To tell someone your nationality you DON'T say: My nationality is Uzbek.

Kimgadir siz Men O’zbek millatidanman deb javob bermaysiz.

You say: I'm Uzbek

Siz uning o’rniga: “Men O’zbekman” , deya javob berasiz.

Singular	Plural
Country	Countries
Nationality	Nationalities