Chet tillar kafedrasi

Lesson 11 Construction There is/are. (There is/ there are) konstruktsiyasi

1. O‘quvchiga hali noma’lum bo‘lgan shaxs yoki buyumning biror joyda yoki biror vaqtda mavjudligini ifodalash uchun bor, mavjud degan ma’noni beruvchi there is (are) birikmasi ishlatiladi. There is (are) birikmasi gapning boshida keladi. Undan keyin ega, undan keyin o‘rin va payt hollari keladi. Bunday gaplar o‘zbek tilida o‘rin yoki payt hollar bilan boshlanadi vabor deb tugaydi:

There is a telephone in that room. O‘sha xonada telefon bor.

There are many apple trees in the Bog‘da ko‘p olma daraxtlari bor.

garden.

There was a meeting at the Insti- Kecha institutda yig‘ilish bo‘ldi.

tute yesterday.

2. There is birikmasidan keyin donalab sanaladigan birlikdagi ot noaniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi. There are ko‘plikdagi otlar some, any, many, two, three va boshqalar bilan ishlatiladi:

There is a lamp on the table. There are some (two, three) lamps on the table.

Stolda chiroq bor.Stolda bir nechta (ikkita, uchta) chiroq bor.

3. There is birikmasi dan keyin aniq artikl bilan kelgan otlar, this, that, these, those, my, hisva boshqa olmoshlar bilan kelgan otlar ishlatilmaydi.

4. There is/are birikmasidagi to be turli zamonlarda ishlatilishi mumkin:

There are very many French books in this library.

There was a meeting at the club yesterday.

There will be a good wheat crop this year.

There hasn’t been any rain for some days.

5. So‘roq shakli to be fe’lining shaklini yoki undan oldin yordamchi fe’l kelgan bo‘lsa birinchi yordamchi fe’lni therening oldiga o‘tkazish bilan yasaladi:

Is there a telephone in your room? Sizning xonangizda telefon bormi.

Was there a meeting at the Institute yesterday? Institutda kecha majlis bo‘ldimi?

Will there be many people there? U yerda ko‘p odam bo‘ladimi?

So‘roq gaplarga qisqa javob yes yoki nova there is (are) birikmasining bo‘lishli yoki bo‘lishsiz shaklidan iborat bo‘ladi:

Is there a telephone in your room?

Was there a meeting at the Institute yesterday?

Yes, there is. No, there isn’t. Yes, there was.

No, there wasn’t.

Gaplarda to bedan oldin boshqa yordamchi fe’llar ishlatilgan bo‘lsa, so‘roq gap yasashda eganing oldiga birinchi turgan yordamchi fe’l o‘t kaziladi va javoblarda ham o‘sha yordamchi fe’l ishlatiladi:

Will there be a meeting tonight? Yes, there will. No, there won’t.

Bu oqshom majlis bo‘ladimi?

Have there been any letters from him lately? Yes, there have. No, there haven’t.

Keyingi paytlarda undan xat bo‘ldimi?

6. Bo‘lishsiz gaplar ikki yo‘l bilan yasaladi:

a) there dan keyingi birinchi yordamchi fe’ldan keyin not inkor yuklamasi qo‘yiladi va undan keyin birlikdagi donalab sanaladigan otlarnoaniq artikl bilan keladi, ko‘plikdagi donalab sanaladigan otlar va donalab sanalmaydigan otlar any olmoshi bilan keladi. Bo‘lishsiz gaplarda quyidagi qisqartirmalar ishlatiladi: isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t, hasn’t, haven’t, hadn’t, won’t va boshqalar:

There isn’t a telephone in this room. Bu xonada telefon yo‘q.

There aren’t any chairs in the room. Xonada stullar yo‘q.

There wasn’t any water in the bottle.- Shishada suv yo‘q.

There hasn’t been any rain for ten days. O‘n kun (davomida) yomg‘ir bo‘lmadi.

There won’t be any meeting tonight. - Bu oqshom hech qanday majlis bo‘lmaydi.

b) there isdan keyin no olmoshi qo‘yiladi va undan keyin artikl ham, any olmoshi ham ishlatilmaydi:

There is no telephone in this room.

There was no water in the bottle.