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parts of a sentences’ structure. They can be used to express
a sound of exclamation, such as anger, surprise, sadness and
so on.
袁毓林
Yuán Yúlín [6] even described interjections
as follows: “Interjections cannot be assembled with other
words, but only a separate component”. He pointed out that
interjections had no syntax relation with other words. It was
often put in the beginning, sometimes in the middle, of a
sentence”.
王力
Wáng Lì
by contrast, pays more attention to the
syntactic features of Chinese interjections. The scientist
writes: “Interjection is not part of the sentence structure, but
only conveys exhalation, exclamation, and emotions, such as
anger, surprise, sadness and the like”. Summarizing these two
positions,
胡明阳
Hú Míngyáng defines Chinese interjections
as expressions that are used in oral speech, are independent
and are not included in the sentence structure [7].
The authors of modern Chinese grammars take a
different position, differentiating interjections by structural
parameters. In particular,
胡明阳
Wáng Zìshǐ in his article
“Parts of speech at the heart of a prototype system” describes
interjection as “a part of speech that does not depend on
other words in a sentence, being only one of the components
of this sentence” [8]. The scientist notes that “interjection
has no syntactic relations with other words in the sentence,
often precedes the sentence, and sometimes is inserted in
the middle of the sentence”. For example, in the sentence
门外传来喂
,
喂的声音
(
Ménwài zhuàn lái wèi, wèi de
shēngyīn
) — “Behind the door was heard, “Hey, hey!””
Chinese interjection
wei
transmits information that someone
is at the door of the house and wants to find out if there
is someone else inside this object. At the same time, the
phrase “Behind the door was heard” serves to enhance the
utterance, to frame the basic information with additional
semantic nuances.
The material presented is considered in the framework of
the problems identified above and is an attempt to classify
the interjections of the Chinese language in terms of their
emotional manifestations. An analysis of the problem will
allow further answers to questions related to the description
of similarities and differences in understanding emotions in
Uzbek and Chinese linguistic cultures in the communication
process.
There are various classifications of interjections that focus
on the characteristics distinguished in them: by origin, by
structure and genetic relationship with groups of significant
words, etc. In our work, we rely on classification according
to the semantic principle, because it is by highlighting the
semantic core that it is possible to compose an emotional
field of interjections. In Chinese, as well as in Uzbek linguists,
arguing about the partial affiliation of interjections, are united
in one thing — interjections have the function of expressing
emotions. Chinese linguists do not divide interjections into
groups depending on the semantic sphere of use, unlike the
Uzbek tradition, but conditionally in Chinese, all interjections
can be divided into 3 areas of use: emotional evaluations,
expression of will, etiquette.
In the process of studying the material of the dictionaries
“
现代汉语词典
”
Xiàndài hàny
ǔ
cídi
ǎ
n
(Modern Chinese
Dictionary the following classification of interjections of the
modern Chinese language was made:
1) Interjections expressing admiration, surprise, delight;
2) Interjections expressing consent, understanding,
understanding;
3) Interjections expressing regret, grief, suffering, sadness;
4) Interjections expressing disagreement, denial, doubt;
5) Interjections expressing contempt, disgust;
6) Interjections expressing the question;
7) Interjections expressing appeal, attention-grabbing,
shouting;
8) Interjections expressing irony, mockery. As a result,
we were able to compose the emotional fields of interjections
based on the sign of assessment. The result of the selection
of interjections from the dictionary is as follows:
啊
a
;
诶
éi
;
嗬
hē
;
喂
wèi
;
嗨
hāi
;
嘿
hēi
;
呦
yōu
;
呸
pēi
;
啐
cuì
;
哼
hēng
;
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