Reclaiming Patriotism in an Age of
Extremes
By Steven B. Smith
(Yale, 237 pages, $28)
BOOKSHELF
| By Leslie Lenkowsky
Warren’s Tax Enriches Foreign Billionaires
S
en. Elizabeth Warren
thinks millionaires and
billionaires are too rich
and has introduced legislation
to tax away some of their
wealth. Her Ultra-Millionaire
Tax Act of 2021 would levy a
2% annual tax on net wealth
above $50 million and an addi-
tional 1% above $1 billion. But
the biggest beneficiaries would
be foreign billionaires.
According to estimates con-
ducted for Ms. Warren by Uni-
versity of California-Berkeley
economists Emmanuel Saez
and Gabriel Zucman, only
about 100,000 families, or
“less than 1 out of 1,000,”
would pay the tax, which they
estimate would raise “around
$3 trillion over the ten-year
budget window 2023-2032, of
which $0.4 trillion would come
from the billionaire 1% surtax.”
Yet Tax Foundation econo-
mists discovered a surprising
consequence when we ran the
proposal through our general
equilibrium tax model last
year. The model showed that
despite being a massive tax,
raising nearly $300 billion a
year, the tax had only a mod-
est impact on gross domestic
product. How can that be?
The model predicted that
wealthy U.S. citizens would
sell their assets at fire-sale
prices to pay the tax. Because
the U.S. is an open economy,
many of these assets would be
bought by foreign investors at
the discounted prices. Thus,
while a wealth tax wouldn’t
shrink the U.S. economy
much, it would change who
owns U.S. assets. What Jeff
Bezos, Warren Buffett and
Mark Zuckerberg sell, Jack
Ma, Carlos Slim and the sultan
of Brunei might buy—and
they’d be exempt from the
U.S. wealth tax.
To be sure, American mil-
lionaires
and
billionaires
would try to find ways to
avoid the tax. Many European
countries abandoned their
wealth taxes because their
rich citizens moved to coun-
tries that didn’t levy such
taxes. Since 1996, the number
of European nations with a
wealth tax has dwindled to
four from 14.
The Warren bill would at-
tempt to discourage wealthy
American from renouncing
their citizenship by imposing
a 40% exit tax. While some
rich families could decide they
can live comfortably abroad
with the remaining 60% of a
$100 billion fortune, others
may stay home and simply
liquidate some of their assets
to pay the tax. But if foreign
investors snap up those assets
at fire-sale prices, it still puts
those assets out of reach of
the U.S. wealth tax. Either
way the tax has defeated its
purpose.
It is theoretically possible
that Ms. Warren’s wealth tax
could reduce inequality in
America on a statistical basis.
But there must be a better
way of achieving that goal
than by redistributing wealth
from American billionaires to
foreign ones.
Mr. Hodge is president of
the Tax Foundation.
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