B
Y
M
ARK
R
ICHARDSON
CULTURAL COMMENTARY
Streaming for Audiophiles
Spotify announced it would offer higher-quality sound. But will you really hear the difference?
ARTS IN REVIEW
necessarily there to be consumed
carefully or critically. Last year,
the company said that roughly
two-thirds of the listening time on
the service is spent on playlists,
either those created by Spotify or
by its users.
Since the introduction of the
long-playing record in 1948, au-
diophiles have mostly turned to
albums, as opposed to singles or
the radio. This is the group that
has been loudest in calling for
Spotify to improve the resolution
of its streaming offering. Spotify
Hi-Fi will be of most concern to
these committed album listeners,
rather than the majority of those
who are listening to playlists.
Will they hear a difference? If
you’ve followed the ebb and flow
of conversations among those who
value high-quality sound, you
know consensus about anything re-
garding quality is hard to come by.
And that’s not to mention con-
fusion regarding the terms “hi-fi”
and especially “hi-res” when it
comes to audio. With Spotify’s an-
nouncement, “hi-fi” means “CD
quality.” Digital audio data is de-
scribed in terms of its bit depth,
which captures relative volume,
and its sample rate, which cap-
tures frequency. The CD stan-
dard—a bit depth of 16 and a sam-
pling rate of 44.1kHz—is
described as “lossless,” while
compressed formats such as mp3
and Ogg Vorbis (the latter is used
by Spotify) alter the data in favor
of smaller files and are called
“lossy.” The degree to which these
alterations are audible is a matter
of some debate.
Some research, such as a 2009
study at Montreal’s McGill Uni-
versity, suggests untrained listen-
ers can’t distinguish between dig-
ital files compressed at 320kbs,
currently the highest Spotify set-
ting, and CD files. A popular on-
line quiz posted by NPR in 2015
found that a small but statisti-
cally significant number of users
can identify uncompressed audio,
though only 1% of respondents
picked the highest-resolution file
every time.
So it’s reasonable to assume
that a small percentage of people,
if they have the right playback
equipment, will hear the differ-
ence between Spotify Hi-Fi and
lossy streaming at its highest set-
ting. And perhaps two of those
will be Billie Eilish and Finneas
O’Connell, especially if they are
listening to the music they made
together. A larger percentage of
people will only think they hear a
difference, because their aware-
ness of the quality of the file they
are listening to informs their opin-
ion of how it sounds. Still, if you
are wired a certain way as a lis-
tener, the idea that you might be
missing something can nag at you.
The most striking fact about
latter-day discussions about
sound quality and streaming may
be just how far ahead of its time
the compact disc was. In 1981, the
year before the commercial re-
lease of the first CD, a man named
Marc Finer, Sony’s director of
product communications, went
from one record label to the next
showing what the new technology
could do. He carried with him a
CD copy of an album by another
Billy—the 1978 LP “52nd Street,”
by a veteran singer-songwriter
born William Joel. As relayed in
Robert Barry’s 2020 book “Com-
pact Disc,” Mr. Finer reported that
the label heads were astonished
by the clarity of the album’s sec-
ond track, “Honesty,” when heard
via this new system. Improbably,
40 years later, the technical stan-
dard in place during those play-
back sessions is, in streaming me-
dia, still considered state-of-the-
art.
Mr. Richardson is the Journal’s
rock and pop music critic. Follow
him on Twitter @MarkRichardson.
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Billie Eilish and Finneas O’Connell
performing at a Spotify party,
above; the app on a phone, left
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