Buildings built from a big block

Fig. 158 Large block building schemes:
a - two rows; b - four rows;
1 - for between windows; 2– block under the window; 3 - arched block.

The following figure shows the main types of blocks used in residential buildings. The side edges of the blocks used between the windows will have grooves in the bottom blocks of the window. Slab contraction joints should intersect at the openings for columns and should intersect at the openings for columns. If there are no windows in the walls, the thickness of the arch blocks in the building will be 100 mm less than the thickness of the blocks between the windows, where the central heating system will be installed. There are also special types of large blocks, such as corner blocks, sokolbop, bogotbop, stair wall blocks and sanitary blocks. In order to reduce the weight of the blocks used for the outer walls, they are made with a cylindrical or slotted cavity. The type of large blocks used for double-row walls (for residential buildings with a floor height of 2.8 m) is 2180 mm high and 990, 1190, 1390, 1590 and 1790 mm wide.

Fig. 159 Types of large blocks used in residential buildings:
a - arch block; b - simple block; v - windows under the block; g - angular block; d - for between windows; e - inner wall blocks; 1 - vertical block;
g - horizontal belt block.

The block height used for the racks is 580 mm and the width is 1980, 2380, 2780 and 3180 mm. The height of the window block is 640 mm and the width is 990, 1190, 1790, 1990 mm. The cavities inside the blocks used for the interior walls (300 mm thick) are cylindrical or round in shape and act as ventilation ducts. They are 2180 mm high and 1190, 1590 and 2390 mm wide. The inner and outer surfaces of all types of blocks are decorated. The blocks are stacked on top of each other and a mixture of 10-20 mm thickness is laid between them. Great care is taken to keep the seams tight. There are two types of vertical seams - open and closed. Open joints are vertical joints where the blocks used for the walls between the windows and doors are connected. Closed joints are formed between the inner wall blocks and the horizontal arches of the outer wall, in addition to the joints between the window block and the blocks between the windows.

The vertical seams are filled with hemp ropes on both sides and filled with a thick mixture at a depth of 20-30 mm (Fig. 80).