|
The twentieth century was a time when robotics flourished
In the 20th century, the history of robotics is entering its final stage, leading to the creation of robots that humanity knows today.
Advances are being made in electronics, diodes and triodes are emerging. The first tube computers were first developed theoretically and then put into practice.
At the same time, the first electronic remote control that moves and speaks is being created. Then an electronic dog appears, it responds to light and screams.
By the end of the first third of the 20th century, radio-controlled androids had learned to talk on the phone, walk, and even lecture at an exhibition, smoke, and more. At the time, many thought there wasn’t much left - and robots would replace humans. However, since the technology at that time was not developed enough, it became clear that the androids of that time could not be used for any work.
But these findings can’t stop the inventors - androids have continued to emerge and are still being developed.
In the 1940s and 1950s, electronics, computers, and computer software continued to improve, the concept of “artificial intelligence” emerged, and then there was a huge leap in development and it quickly became “smart”.
Finally, since the early ’60s, humanity’s dream has begun to come true - cars are starting to replace people in difficult, dangerous and uninteresting jobs. The first modern robotic manipulators appeared. First, they perform only the most inconvenient operations for the person, then automatic assembly lines are created.
Over time, people become more interested in robots. Many robotics clubs and schools have been opened for children, and various toys and constructors are produced. The entertainment industry is no exception - in 1986, the first part of the film "Terminator" was released, which caused a stir around the world.
Local robotics
The history of robotics in Russia, as well as in Europe, goes back more than a century. For a time, Russian scientists did not lag behind their European counterparts in the design of various machines: in the last third of the 18th century, a computer called the Jacobson machine in Russia, in 1790, Ivan Petrovich Kulibin created his famous machine. "egg" clock. They were fitted with several human figures, who performed certain movements, and the clock performed hymns and other melodies.
It was Russian scientists who made a number of important discoveries in the history of robotics. Semyon Nikolaevich Korsakov laid the foundation of computer science in 1832. He developed several machines with intelligent computing capabilities, using cards to program them.
In 1838, Boris Semenovich Jacobi invented and tested the first electric motor, the basic design of which has not lost its relevance to this day. Jacobi set him on the boat and, with his help, circumnavigated the Neva.
In 1878, Academician PL Chebishev presented the first prototype of a pedestrian vehicle - a parking car.
MA Bonch-Bruevich invented the trigger in 1918, which allowed the creation of the first computers, and VK Zvorykin demonstrated the electronic tube that television later appeared.
The first computer appeared in the USSR in 1948, and in 1950 the MESM (small electronic computer) was released, the fastest in Europe at the time.
Officially, the history of robotics in Russia dates back to 1971. Then a special department of robotics and mechatronics was established at the Moscow Higher Technical School named after Bauman under the leadership of academician EP Popov. He became the founder of the National School of Robotics Engineering.
Local science competed with foreign science. In 1974, he became the world champion in a tournament among chess machines. And the Elbrus-3 supercomputer, created in 1994, was twice as fast as the most powerful American computer at the time. However, it was not included in mass production, probably due to the difficult situation in the country at that time.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
