Brief information about robotics. History of robotics Children under one year of age

Robotic scientists
The first robot scientists, Adam and Eve, were created as part of the Robot Scientist project at the University of Aberystwyth, and in 2009 one of them made the first scientific discovery.
Robot-scientists, of course, include robots, with the help of which the ventilation shafts of the pyramid of Great Cheops were examined. With their help. "Gantenbrink Doors" and others. "Cheops Shelves." Research is ongoing.
Travel system
Wheel or track motion is often used to move in open areas (examples of such robots are Warrior and PackBot).
Walking systems are less commonly used (examples of such robots are BigDog and Asimo).

BigDog robots
For uneven surfaces, hybrid designs are created that combine wheel or pallet tracks with complex wheel kinematics. This design was used on the lunar passenger.
Indoors, industrial buildings, robots along monorails, on the floor corridor, and so on. Vacuum assimilation cups are used, similar to “floating” structures, but for movement along sloping or vertical planes.
Robots that use the principles of motion of living organisms - snakes, worms, fish, birds, insects and other types of bionic robots - are also known.

Tuna robots
Pattern recognition system
Recognition systems can already detect simple three-dimensional objects, their orientation and composition in space, and can also fill in missing parts using data from a database (e.g., assembling a Lego constructor).
Engines
Currently, DC motors, stepper motors and servo disks are commonly used as drivers.
There are developments that do not use motors in their design: for example, the technology of reducing the material under the influence of an electric current (or field), which allows you to achieve a more precise adaptation of the robot's motion to nature. smooth movements of living beings.
Mathematical basis

Robot Aibo
In addition to being widely used in neural network technologies, the real three-dimensional world has self-learning algorithms for the robot’s interaction with surrounding objects: under the control of such algorithms, the robot dog Aibo is the same. stages. teaching a newborn to coordinate the movements of the limbs and to independently learn how to interact with things around them (playground interactions). This provides another example of a mathematical understanding of the algorithms of human higher nervous activity.
Navigation
Ultrasound or laser beam scanning systems are widely used in robotic racing (they successfully and independently cross real city roads and paths on uneven terrain, taking into account unexpected obstacles). .
Appearance
In Japan, the development of robots, which at first glance are indistinguishable from humans, does not stop. Techniques of imitating emotions and imitating the "face" of robots are being developed.
In June 2009, scientists at the University of Tokyo introduced the humanoid robot KOBIAN, which can use gestures and facial expressions to express their emotions - happiness, fear, surprise, sadness, anger, hatred.

Robot KOBIAN
The robot can open and close its eyes, move its lips and eyebrows, and use its arms and legs.
Robot manufacturers
There are companies specializing in the production of robots (among the largest - iRobot Corporation). The robots are also manufactured by some high-tech companies: ABB, Honda, Mitsubishi, Sony, World Demanded Electronic, Gostai, KUKA.