Brief information about robotics. History of robotics Children under one year of age

Robotization is the removal of people from the production process, their replacement by automated and robotic machines and production lines, in connection with which resources are freed up for the development of the service sector.

The Industrial Robot manipulator has a "mechanical arm" (one or more) and a remote control panel or built-in software control device, rarely a computer. It can, for example, move parts ranging from a few tens of kilograms in the range of “mechanical arms” (up to 2 m) by performing 200 to 1,000 movements per hour. Industrial Robots - Automata have an advantage over humans in terms of speed and accuracy of manual repetitive operations. The most common robots are manipulatorsmounted on a movable or fixed base with a remote control and a "mechanical arm". The operator monitors the movement of the manipulator directly or on a television screen; in the second case. The robots are equipped with a "television eye" - a transmitting television camera. The robot is equipped with an automated control system that is frequently studied. If such a robot is "shown" a sequence of operations, then the control system corrects everything in the form of a control program and then repeats it precisely during operation. Robotic manipulators are used to operate in relatively inaccessible conditions or in hazardous, harmful conditions for humans, such as the nuclear industry, which has been in use since the 1950s. In the 60s. underwater Robot manipulatorsvarious designs and purposes: from marine-powered vehicles with “mechanical arms” (especially to take rock samples from the seabed, etc.) and from submarine-powered platforms with research equipment to underwater bulldozers and drilling rigs. Similar manipulators are used in the field of astronautics, American shuttles.
In the late 60s. a new scientific direction has emerged in the field of robotics related to the creation of intelligent robots. Such robots have sensors that sense information about the environment (sensory system), a device for processing received data (artificial intelligence) - a special computer with a set of programs - and execution mechanisms (engine system). there is. The behavior of an intelligent robot has some characteristics of human behavior: sensors collect information about the objects of the world around them, their properties and interactions; Based on this information, artificial intelligence forms a model of the external environment and decides on the sequence of actions of the robot performed by the executive mechanisms. By 1975, intelligent robots began to be used for scientific research and industrial purposes. Work on artificial intelligence has also been carried out at the Research Institute of the Military-Industrial Complex.
Robot A universal machine that allows you to perform mechanical movements. Its main feature is the rapid operational reconstruction from one operation to another. There are several varieties of robots and each has its own definition. Often they talk about three generations of robots: industrial robots or manipulators, flexible robots and robots with artificial intelligence, or, as we said before, integral robots.