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PART E: PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS AND COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS 
 
446
 
Mentoring 
differs from coaching in two main ways. 
(a) 
The mentor is not usually the protégé's immediate superior. 
(b) 
Mentoring covers a wide range of functions, not always related to current job performance.
 
Career functions
include:
 

Sponsoring within the organisation and providing exposure at higher levels 

Coaching and influencing progress through appointments 

Protection 

Drawing up personal development plans 

Advice with administrative problems that people face in their new jobs 

Help in tackling projects by pointing people in the right direction 
Psychosocial functions
include:

Creating a sense of acceptance and belonging 

Counselling and friendship 

Providing a role model 
Organisational arrangements for coaching and mentoring will vary, but in general a coach needs to be an 
expert in the trainee's professional field. Mentors are often drawn from other areas of the organisation but 
can open up lines of communication to those with power and influence across it. For this reason, a mentor is 
usually in a senior position.
4.4 Counselling 
Counselling
is an interpersonal interview, the aim of which is to facilitate another person in identifying 
and working through a problem. 
The need for workplace counselling can arise in many different situations. 

During appraisal, to solve work or performance problems 

In grievance or disciplinary situations 

Following change, such as promotion or relocation 

On redundancy or dismissal 

As a result of domestic or personal difficulties 

In cases of sexual, racial or religious harassment or bullying at work (to support the victim and 
educate the perpetrator) 
Note that counselling is non-directive. The individual decides what is to be achieved and how. 
Counselling helps people to help themselves. 
4.5 Benefits of counselling 
Effective counselling is not merely a matter of pastoral care for individuals, but is very much in the 
organisation's interests. Counselling can: 
(a)