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frequency and type of individual members' contributions 
to group discussions and 
interactions.
(i) 
Identify which members of the team habitually make the most contributions, and which 
the least. (You could do this by taking a count of contributions from each member, during 
a sample 10-15 minutes of group discussion.) 
(ii) 
If the same people tend to dominate discussion 
whatever
 
is discussed (ie regardless of 
relevant expertise), the team has a problem in its communication process. 
Rackham
 
and
 
Morgan
 
have developed a helpful categorisation of the types of contribution people can 
make to team discussion and decision-making, including the following. 
Category 
Behaviour 
Example
 
Proposing
Putting forward suggestions, new 
concepts or courses of action 
'Why don't we look at a flexi-time 
system?' 
Supporting
Supporting another person or their 
proposal 
'Yes, I agree, flexi-time would be 
worth looking at.' 
Seeking information
Asking for more facts, opinions or 
clarification 
'What exactly do you mean by "flexi-
time"?' 
Giving information
Offering facts, opinions or 
clarification 
'There's a helpful outline of flexi-time 
in this article.' 
Blocking/difficulty stating
Putting obstacles in the way of a 
proposal, without offering any 
alternatives 
'What if the other teams get jealous? 
It would only cause conflict.' 
Shutting-out behaviour
Interrupting or overriding others; 
taking over 
'Nonsense. Let's move onto 
something else – we've had enough 
of this discussion. 
Bringing-in behaviour
Involving another member; 
encouraging contribution 
'Actually, I'd like to hear what Fred 
has to say. Go on, Fred.'