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Testing understanding
Checking whether points have been 
understood 
'So flexi-time could work over a day 
or a week; have I got that right?' 
Summarising
Drawing together or summing up 
previous discussion 
'We've now heard two sides to the 
flexi-time issue: on the one hand, 
flexibility; on the other side possible 
risk. Now …' 
Each type of behaviour may be appropriate in the right situation at the right time. A team may be low on 
some types of contribution – and it may be up to the team leader to encourage, or deliberately adopt, 
desirable behaviours (such as bringing-in, supporting or seeking information) in order to provide balance. 
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CHAPTER 14
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INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS AND TEAMS 
 
367 
 
5
Team development 
 
You probably have had experience of being put into a group of people you do not know. Many teams are 
set up this way and it takes some time for the team to become effective. 
A team 
develops in stages
: forming, storming, norming, performing (
Tuckman
) and dorming or 
mourning/adjourning. 
5.1 Tuckman's stages of group development 
Four stages in group development were identified by Tuckman
 
(1965). 
Step 1 
Forming
The team is just coming together. Each member wishes to impress their personality on 
the group. The individuals will be trying to find out about each other, and about the 
aims and norms of the team. There will at this stage probably be a wariness about 
introducing new ideas. The objectives being pursued may as yet be unclear and a leader 
may not yet have emerged. 
Step 2 
Storming
This frequently involves more or less open conflict between team members. There may 
be changes agreed in the original objectives, procedures and norms established for the 
group. If the team is developing successfully this may be a fruitful phase, as more 
realistic targets are set and trust between the group members increases.