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1
Individuals
1.1 Personality 
Personality 
is the total pattern of an individual's thoughts, feelings and behaviour. It is shaped by a 
variety of factors, both inherited and environmental. 
In order to identify, describe and explain the differences between people, psychologists use the concept 
of 
personality
. 
Personality
is the total pattern of characteristic ways of thinking, feeling and behaving that constitute 
the individual's distinctive method of relating to the environment.
 
1.1.1 Describing personality
Attempts to describe the 'components' of personality, or the ways people differ, focus on two broad 
concepts: traits and types. 
(a) Personality 
traits
are relatively stable, enduring qualities of an individual's personality which 
cause a tendency to behave in particular ways. For example, we might say that someone is 
'impulsive'. 
(b) Personality 
types
are distinct clusters of personality characteristics, which reflect the 
psychological preferences of the individual. If we say that someone is an 'extrovert', for example, 
we may be suggesting that they are sociable, expressive, impulsive, practical and active.
The well-known 
Myers Briggs Type Inventory
™
(Myers and Briggs Foundation, 2014) is based on 
detailed analysis of personality types. The aim of the inventory (and the value of personality theories to 
managers) is: 
 EXAM FOCUS POINT 
Relationships within a team and the management of teams often figure in the examinations, including 
named models such as Tuckman and Belbin.
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CHAPTER 14
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INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS AND TEAMS