Bo`sh o`zlashtiruvchi o`quvchi-fanlarni davlat ta`lim standartlarida belgilab qo`yilgan darajada o`zlashtira olmayotgan,bilim olishga ishtiyoqi pasayib ketgan,o`ziga ishonchi yo`qolgan o`quvchi

2. l earn the poem by heart. Auld Lang syne

Should auld acquaintance be forgot,

And never brought to mind? Should auld acquaintance be forgot And days of auld Lang syne?

For auld Lang syne, me dear, For auld Lang syne -

We'll take a cup of kindness yet For auld Lang syne !

And here‘s a hand, my trusty friend, And give a hand of thine,

We‘ll take a cup of kindness yet

For auld Lang syne.
Direct and indirect speech.

1. 
   Biror damning gapini boshqa birovga o'zgartirmasdan yetkazish ko‘chirma gap deyilaai. Biro damning gapini to‘Idiruvchi ergash gap yordamida faqat mazmunini yetkazish o‘ziashtirma gap deyiladi.
   

Ko‘chirma gap O ‘ziashtirma gap
Me has said: ― The ship will He has said that the ship will arrive at the arrive at the end of the week.‖ end of the week.
Ko‘chirma gapdagi The ship will arrive at the end o f the week gapi mustaqil, alohida bir gapdir. O‘zlashtirma gapdagi that the ship will arrive at the end o f the week gapi to‘ldiruvchi ergash gap bo‘lib, alohida ishlatilmaydi. He has said bosh gap.

2. 
   Ko‘chirma gaplardan oldin , odatda, vergul qo‘yiladi.Ammo uzun matnlardan oldin ikki nuqta qo‘yiladi. Ingliz tilidaqo‘shtirnoq ko‘chirma gapning boshida ham, oxirida ham qatorning yuqorisiga qo‘yiladi
   
3. 
   Ko‘chirma gaplar darak,so'roq gaplarga bo linadi.
   

Darak gaplarni o'zlaqshtirma Gaplarga aylantirish

1 .Ko'chirma gaplarni o'zlashtirma gaplarga aylantirishda quydagi o'zlashtirishlar qilinadi;

1. 
   Bosh gap bilan ko‘chirma gap o‘rtasidagi vergul va qo‘shtirnoqlar tushurib qoldiriladi. O'zlashtirma gap oldida that bogTovchi ko‘pincha tushib qoiishi ham mumkin,
   

He says, ―Mary will do it‖. He says (that) Mary will will do it.

2. 
   Agar bosh gapda to‘ldiruvchisiz to say fe‘li ishlatilgan bo'lsa o‘ziashtirma gapda to say saqlanib
   

qoladi. Agar ko‘chirma gapda to say fe‘lidan keyin to'ldiruvchi kelsa, ko‘chirma gapdagi to say feTi o‘zlashtirma gapda to tell fe‘li bilan almashadi:

He saya, ―Mary M ill come in the evening‖

He says that Mary will come in the evening.

He has said to me, ‗The negotiations have begun‖ He has told me that the negotiations have begun.

3. 
   Ko‘chirma gapda kishilik va egalik olmoshlari ma‘noga qarab o‘zgartiriladi:
   

Ra‘no says, ― Anvar has taken my book‖

Ra‘no says that Anvar has taken her dictionary.

4. 
   Agar bosh gapdagi fe‘l Simple Present, Present Perfect, Simple Future zamonlarining birida bo‘lsa, ko‘chirma gapdagi zamon o‘zlashtirma gapda o‘zgannaydi:
   

He says(has said, will say), ―I sent them the telegram on Sunday‖ He says (has said,will say) that he sent the telegram on Sunday.‖

5. 
   Agar bosh gapdagi fe‘l Simple Past, Past continuous , Past Perfect zamonlarida bo‘lsa ko‘chirma gapm o‘zlashtirma gapga aylantirganimizda ergash gapdagi zamon o‘tghan zamonga aylantiriladi va quyidagicha o ‘zgartinladi:
   

Simple Present ------------------- - Simple Past

Present Perfect ------------------ — Past Perfect

Simple Past ------------------- - Past Perfect

Simple Future ------------------ Future in the past

Present Continuous--------------- Past Continuous Present Perfect Continuous —— Past Perfect Continuous Past Continuous ------------------- Past Perfect Continuous

Future Continuous----------------— Future Continuous in the Past Future Perfect ----------------— Future Perfect in the Past

Future Perfect Continuous — — Future Perfect Continuous in the Past

He said, ―I gel up at 8 o‘clock‖

He said that he got up at 8 o'clock.

6. 
   Ko‘chirma gapm o ‘zlshtirma gapga aylantirganda Past Perfect va Past Perfect Continuous
   

zamonlari ozgarmay qoladi.