Blok-sxema va uning elementlari

Turbo Pascalda funksiya va protseduralar.

1. 
   Matematik funksiyalar.
   

1. 
   abs(x) |x| x sonining moduli;
   
2. 
   sin(x) sinx (x-radianda);
   
3. 
   cos(x) cosx (x-radianda);
   
4. 
   arctan(x) arctgx
   
5. 
   sqr(x) x²
   
6. 
   sqrt(x ) (x>0);
   
7. 
   exp(x) e^x
   
8. 
   ln(x) lnx (x>0);
   
9. 
   int(x) x sonining butun qismi;
   
10. 
    frac(x) x sonning kasr qismi;
    
11. 
    random (0.1) oraliqda tasodifiy son;
    
12. 
    random(x) (0.x) oraliqda tasodifiy son;
    
13. 
    succ(x) x dan keying element;
    
14. 
    pred(x) x dan oldingi element;
    

2. 
   Matematik protseduralar.
   

1. 
   Inc(x) x=x+1 Inc(x,n) x=x-n
   
2. 
   Dec(x) x=x-1 dec(x,n) x=x-n
   

x,n Z
1. Trunc(x) x ning butun qismi (int(5.5)=5.0, trunc(5.5)=5);
2. round(x) x sonini yaxlidlash; round(5.5)=6.
3. odd(x) x ning toqligini aniqlash;
4. chr(x) byte→char chr(39)=’;
5. ord(x) char→byte ord(‘A’)=65;
6. str(x,s) sonli tur→satrwli tur;
7. val(s,x,c) satrli tur→sonli tur, c-hatolik kodi;
O’zlashtirish, kiritish va chiqarish operatorlari.
O’zlashtirish operatori: :=
Kiritsh operatori: read(readln);
Chiqarish operatori: write(writeln);
Masalan:

1. 
   a:=5; a:=a+5; a:=b-3 a,b sonli tur;
   

c:=‘a’; c:=ord(34); c belgili tur;
b:=true; b:=false; b:=(d>0); b mantiqiy tur;

2. 
   read(a,b,c); readln(a,b);
   
3. 
   write(a,b,c); write(‘summa-‘,S);
   

write(a:5:3) x R ni butun qismi uchun 5 ta kasr qismi uchun 3 ta xona chiqarish. Masalan writeln(Pi:5:3)→3.142;
Chiziqli dasturlar tuzish.

1. 
   2 ta sonning o’rta geometrigini toppish algoritmi.
   

Program geom(i,o);
Var a,b:integer; S:Real;
Begin
writeln(‘ikkita son kiritilsin’);
read(a,b);
S:=sqrt(a*b);
Writeln(S:4:4);
End.

2. 
   Uchburchak tomonlari berilgan. Uning yuzini hisoblash algoritmi tuzilsin