Black Garden : Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War

noye Obozreniye, 13 (1997). Rokhlin was murdered in July 1998, but there was no 
suggestion that the crime was connected to his revelations. 
15.  Interview with Felgenhauer, 6 December 2000. 
16.  Interview with Neftaliev, 28 November, 2000. 
17.  Kasatov, “Sama ne Svoya” [Not its own], 1. 
18.  Interview with Hajizade, 15 November, 2000. 
19.  Armenian TV Channel 1, Yerevan, in Armenian, 5 March 2001, as re-
ported by BBC monitoring. 
20.  Interview with Kazimirov, 1 December 2000. 
21.  Interview with Zulfugarov, 9 November 2000; Turan News Agency, 28 
September, 1992. My thanks to Laura Le Cornu for information on the Sochi 
meeting. 
22.  Interview with Hovanisian, 15 December 2000. 
23.  Interview with Melkonian, 7 May 2000. 
24.  Interview with Boyajian, 26 September 2000. 
25.  Interview with Sadyqov, 6 April 2000. 
26.  Agajanov, Svetlaya Storona Voiny [The bright side of the war], 33. 
27.  Interview with Azad Isazade, former press secretary, Ministry of De­
fense, 21 November 2000; interview with David Petrosian, 25 May 2000. 
28.  Lee Hockstader, “Armenians Winning with Creativity, Aid,” The Wash­
ington Post, 12 September 1993. Serzh Sarkisian claims that the Karabakh Ar­
menians captured 156 tanks in the course of the war. 
29.  Interview with Manukian, 3 October, 2000. 
30.  A Western diplomat who went to visit Elchibey not long after he fled 
Baku in June 1993 said that he asked Elchibey why he tolerated the dissent of 
Gaziev and Husseinov for so long. Elchibey said they were the only two men 
who could easily obtain arms from the Russians. 
31.  Interview with Askerov, 20 November 2000. 
32.  Sergei Bablumian, “Kelbadzhar v Ogne” [Kelbajar on fire], Izvestia, 6 
April 1993. 
33.  Human Rights Watch, Azerbaijan, Seven Years of Conflict, 16. 
34.  For example, a military map captured by the Azerbaijanis and dated 1 
April 1993, had belonged to a Major S. O. Barsegian. The dates on the map 
showed that Barsegian had been on the shores of Lake Sevan on 2 March, 
crossed the Armenia-Azerbaijan border at 4:30 p.m. on 27 March, and headed to-
ward Kelbajar. Azad Isazade, formerly of Azerbaijan’s Defense Ministry, has a 
copy of the map. Regarding the alleged Russian involvement, Shamil Askerov 
says that he saw six airplanes above Kelbajar, which could only have been Russ­
ian. The Azerbaijani Security Ministry later released an audiocassette of an in­
tercepted radio conversation between an officer speaking very pure Russian 

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and a heavily accented Armenian. All Armenian officials strongly deny Russian 
involvement. 
35.  The most vivid and authoritative account of the Husseinov coup is in 
Thomas Goltz’s Azerbaijan Diary, 356–392. 
36.  Interview with Akhmedov, 19 November 2000. 
37.  Goltz, Azerbaijan Diary, 399. 
NOTE TO CHAPTER 14 
1.  For statistics on displaced persons, see Appendix 1. In this chapter I use 
the general word “refugee” to cover people who are technically “Internally Dis­
placed Persons” because they were driven from their homes inside their own 
country. 
NOTES TO CHAPTER 15 
1. Goltz, Azerbaijan Diary, 413–414; Harutiunian, Sobytiya  [Events], V, 
252–253. 
2.  Information on the thirty-three battalions was supplied by Arif Yunu­
sov. 
3.  Interview with Baburian, 7 October 2000. 
4.  Interview with Kocharian, 25 May 2000; interview with Kazimirov, 1 
December 2000; interview with Tofik Zulfugarov, 9 November 2000. 
5.  Interview with Manucharian, 15 October 2000. 
6.  Interview with Agayev, 25 November 2000. Agayev says Babayan was 
arrested after a criminal “settling of scores” in which he shot dead two Armen­
ian brothers in a café in Askeran. 
7.  Interview with Gukasian, 7 October 2000. 
8.  As reported by Vazgen Manukian in the interview of 15 October 2000. 
9.  Maresca, “Lost Opportunities,” 475. 
10.  The composition of the Minsk Group has changed over the years. Its 
initial eleven members in 1992 were Belarus, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, 
Italy, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, and the United States, as well as Armenia and 
Azerbaijan. By 2000, the former Czechoslovakia had been replaced by Austria, 
Finland, and Norway. 
11.  Interview with Guluzade in English, 28 November 2000. 
12.  Interview with Ter-Petrosian, 24 May 2000. 
13.  Maresca, “Lost Opportunities,” 482. 
14.  Ibid. After leaving the Minsk Group, Raffaelli was one of the politicians 
subpoenaed in Italy’s Tangentopoli corruption investigations. 
15.  Interview with Oskanian, 13 December 2000. 
16.  Quoted in Hannes Adomeit, “Russian National Security Interests,” in 

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