Bachche ko dhoodh pilaane ka pahla haq oos ki apni maa ko haasil hai. Baap ko yeh haq haasil nahin keh bachche ko dhoodh pilaane ke liye kisi aurat ke hawaale kare. Magar yeh maa dhoodh pilaane ki ujrat talab kare aur baap kisi dusri aurat ko dhuoondhe jo muft dhoodh pilaaye ya maa se kam ujrat par raazi ho. Iis suurat mein baap bachche ko kisi daya ke supurd kar sakta hai. Laikin iis ke b’ad agar maa oose qabool na kare aur apni marzi se bachche ko dhoodh pilaaye to ujrat talab nahin kar sakti.
Mustahab hai keh bachche ke liye jo daya moontakhab ki jaaye woh musalmaan ho, a’qil ho, jismaani, ikhlaaqi aur nafsiyaati a’itbaar se pasandida safaat ki maalik ho. Yeh moonaasib nahin keh daya kaafir, ahmak, budhii ya badsuurat ho. Yeh makruh hai keh kisi aisii daya ko moontakhab kiya jaaye ho zina zaadi ho ya jis ka dhoodh aise bachche se ho jo haraam kaari se paida hua ho.
Dhoodh pilaane ke mukhtalif massa’el
Auraton ke liye behtar hai keh woh har ek ke bachche ko dhoodh na pilaaye kioon keh ho sakta hai keh woh yeh yaad na rakh saken keh oonh one kis kis dhoodh pilaaya hai aur (mumkin hai keh) b’ad mein do mahram ek dusre se nikaah kar len.
Mustahab hai keh bachche ko poore 21 mahine dhoodh pilaaya jaaye aur do saal se zayada dhoodh pilaana moonaasib nahin.
Agar kisi dusre ke bachche ko dhoodh pilaane ki wajah se shauhar ka haq talf hota ho to aurat shauhar ki ijaazat ke baghair dhoodh nahin pilaa sakti.
Agar kisi aurat ka shauhar ek sheer khawaar bachchi se nikaah kare aur woh aurat oos bachchi ko dhoodh pilaaye to ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par woh aurat apne shauhar par haraam abdi ho jaati hai. Aur ehtayaat ki bina par zaruri hai keh oose talaaq de de aur kabhi oos ke sathh shadi na kare. Agar dhoodh khud oosi shauhar ka hai to woh bachchi bhi oos ke liye haraam abdi ho jaati hai. Aur agar dhoodh aurat ke saabiq shauhar ka hai to ehtayaat ki bina par aqd baatil ho jata hai.
Agar koi shakhs chaahe keh oos ki bhaabhi oos ki mahram ban jaaye to b’az fuqha ne farmaya hai keh oose chahiye keh kisi sheerkhawaar bachchi se misaal ke taur par do din ke liye muta’ kar le aur oon dono mein oon shara’et ke sathh jin ka zikr massla 2433 mein kiya gaya hai oos ki bhaabhi oos bachchi ko dhoodh pilaaye takeh woh oos ki biwi ki maa ban jaaye. Laikin yeh hukm oos suurat mein jab bhaabhi bhayee ke mamlook dhoodh se oos bachchi ko pilaaye mehal ishkaal hai.
Agar koi mard kisi aurat se shaadi karne se pahle kahe keh raza’at ki wajah se woh aurat mujh par haraam hai maslan kahe keh main ne oos auurat ki maa ka dhoodh piyaa hai to agar iis baat ki tasdeeq mumkin ho to oos aurat se shaadi nahin kar sakta. Aur agar woh yeh baat shaadi ke b’ad kahe aur khud aurat bhi oos baat ko qabool kare to oon ka nikaah batil hai. Lehaaza agar mard ne oos aurat se hambistari na ki ho ya ki ho, laikin hambistari ke vaqt aurat ko m’aloom ho keh woh oos mard par haraam hai to aurat kakoi mehar nahin aur agar aurat ko hambistari ke b’ad pata chale keh woh oos mard par haraam thhi to zaruri hai keh shauhar oos jaisii auraton ke mehar ke mutabiq oose mehar de.
Agar koi aurat shaadi pahle kah de keh raza’at ki wajah se main oos mard par haraam hoon aur oos ki tasdeeq mumkin ho to woh oos mard se shaadi nahin kar sakti aur agar woh yeh baat shaadi ke b’ad kahe to oos ka kahna aisaa hi hai jaise keh mard shaadi ke b’ad kahe keh woh aurat oos par haraam hai aur oos ke mut’aliq hukm sabqa massle mein bayaan ho chuuka hai.
Dhoodh pilaana jo mahram banne ka sabab hai do cheezon se saabit hota hai:
Ek shakhs ya ek aisii jama’at ka khabar dena jis ki baat par yaqeen ya itminaan ho jaaye.
Do a’adil mard oos ki gawaahi de laikin zaruri hai keh dhoodh pilaane ki shara’et ke baare mein bhi batayen maslan kahen keh ham ne falan bachche ko 24 ghante falan aurat ke pistaan se dhoodh peete dekha hai aur oos ne oos dauraan aur koi cheez bhi nahin khayee. Aur isii tarah oon baaqi shara’et ko bhi washgaaf alfaaz mein bayaan kare jin ka zikr massla 2433 mein kiya gaya hai. Albatta ek mard aur do auraton ya chaar auraton ki gawaahi se jo sab ke sab a’adil hon raza’at ka saabit hona mehal ishkaal hai is liye ehtayaat par a’mal kiya jaaye.
Agar iis baat mein shak ho keh bachche ne itnii miqdaar mein dhoodh piyaa hai jo mahram banne ka sabab hai ya nahin peeta hai ya gumaan ho keh oos ne itnii miqdaar mein dhoodh peeya hai to bachcha kisi ka mahram nahin hota laikin behtar yeh hai keh ehtayaat ki jaaye.
Talaaq ke Ehkaam
Jo mard apni biwi ko talaaq de oos ke liye zaruri hai keh baaligh aur a’aqil ho. Laikin das saal ka bachcha apni biwi ko talaaq de to oos ke baare mein ehtayaat ka khayaal rakhen aur isii tarah zaruri hai keh mard apne ikhtayaar se talaaq de. Aur agar oose apni biwi ko talaaq dene par majboor kiya jaaye to talaaq baatil hai. Aur yeh bhi zaruri hai keh woh shakhs talaaq ki niyyat rakhta ho lehaaza agar woh maslan mazaaq mein ya nashe ki haalat mein talaaq ka seghaa kahe to talaaq sahi nahin hai.
Zaruri hai keh aurat talaaq ke vaqt haiz ya nafaas se paak ho aur oos ke shauhar ne oos paaki ke dauraan oos se hambistari na ki ho aur iin do sharton ki tafseel aayenda massle mein bayaan ki jayegi.
Aurat ko haiz ya nafaas ki haalat mein teen suuraton mein talaaq dena sahi hai:
Shauhar ne nikaah ke b’ad oos se hambistari na ki ho.
M’aloom ho keh woh hamlaa hai aur agar yeh baat m’aloom na ho aur shauhar oose haiz ki haalat mein talaaq de de aur b’a mein shauhar ko pata chale keh woh hamlaa thhi to woh talaaq baatil hai aur ehtayaat ka khayaal rakhna beharhaal baehtar hai. Agarche dobarah talaaq dene se ho.
Mard ghair haziri ya kisi bhi aur wajah se agarche apni biwi ki makhfi rakhne ke sabab yeh m’aloom na kar sakta ho keh woh haiz ya nafaas se paak hai ya nahin. Laikin iis suurat mein ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par zaruri hai keh mard intezaar kare takeh biwi se juda hone ke b’ad kam az kam ek mahinaa guzar jaaye oos ke b’ad oose talaaq de.
Agar koi shakhs aurat ko haiz se paak samjhe aur oose talaaq de de aur b’ad mein pata chale keh woh haiz ki haalat mein thhi to oos ki talaaq batil hai magar darfarz mazkura agar shauhar oose haiz ki haalat mein samjhe aur talaaq de de aur b’ad mein m’aloom ho keh paak thhi to oos ki talaaq sahi hai.
Jis shakhs ko ilm ho keh oos ki biwi haiz ya nafaas ki haalat mein hai agar woh biwi se juda ho jaaye massalan safar ikhtayaar kare aur oose talaaq dena chaahe to oose chahiye keh itnii muddat sabr kare jis mein oose yaqeen ho jaaye keh woh aurat haiz ya nafaas se paak ho gayee hai aur jab woh yeh jaan le keh aurat paak hai oose talaaq de sakta hai. Agar oose shak ho tab bhi yahi hukm hai iis laikin suurat mein gha’eb shakhs ki talaaq ke baare mein massla 2459 mein jo shara’et bayaan huyee hain oon ka khayaal rakhe.
Jo shakhs apni biwi se juda ho agar woh oose talaaq dena chaahe to agar woh m’aloom kar sakta ho keh oos ki biwi haiz ya nafaas ki haalat mein hai ya nahin to agarche aurat ki a’adat ya oon dusri nishaaniyon ko jo shar’a mein mo’yyin hain dekhte huye oose talaaq de aur b’ad mein m’loom ho keh woh haiz ya nafaas ki haalat mein thhi to oos kit alaaq sahi nahin hai.
Agar koi shakhs apni biwi se khawah haiz ki haalat mein ho ya paak ho hambistari kare aur phir oose talaaq dena chaahe to zaruri hai keh sabr kare hatta keh oose dobarah haiz aa jaaye aur phir woh paak ho jaaye. Lakin agar aisii suurat ko hambistari ke b’ad talaaq di jaaye jis ki umr nau saala se kam ho ya m’aloom ho keh woh haamla hai to oos mein koi ishkaal nahin aur agar aurat yaesa ho tab bhi yahi hukm hai. (yaesa ka matlab massla 2407 mein guzar chuuka hai).
Agar koi shakhs aisii aurat se hambistari kare jo haiz aur nafaas se paak ho aur isii paak ki haalat mein oose talaaq de de aur b’ad mein oose m’aloom ho keh woh talaaq den eke vaqt haamla thhi to talaaq batil hai aur ehtayaat ka khayaal rakhna zaruri hai. Chaahe talaaq ki tajdeed ke zariye kyoon na ho.
Agar koi shakhs aisii aurat se hambistari kare jo haiz aur nafaas se paak ho aur phir woh oose se juda ho jaaye maslan safar ikhtayaar kare lehaaza agar woh chaahe keh safar ke dauraan oose talaaq de aur oos ki paaki ya naapaaki ke baare mein na jaan sakta ho to zaruri hai keh itnii muddat sabr kare keh aurat ko oos paaki ke b’ad haiz aaye aur woh dobaarah paak ho jaaye. Aur ehtayaat-e-waajib yeh hai keh woh muddat ek mahine se kam na ho. Aur jo kuchh kaha gaya hai oos ki ra’aiyat rakhte huye talaaq de de iis ke b’ad m’aloom ho jaaye keh talaaq oos pahli paaki mein waq’e hai to koi ishkaal nahin.
Agar koi mard apni biwi ko talaaq dena chahta ho jise paidayish taur par ya kisi beemaari ya bachche ko dhoodh pilaane ki wajah se ya dawa iste’maal karne ya kisi bhi wajah se haiz na aata ho aur oos umr ki dusri auraton ko haiz aata ho to zaruri hai keh jab oos ne aisii aurat se jama’ kiya ho oos vaqt oose teen mahine tak oos se jama’ na kare aur b’ad mein oose talaaq de de.
Zaruri hai keh talaaq ka segha sahi a’rbi mein lafz “Taaleqoon” ke sathh padha jaaye aur do a’adil mard oose suoone. Agar shauhar khud talaaq ka segha padhna chaahe aur misaal ke taur par oos ki biwi ka naam fatema ho to kahe: “Zaujatu muwak keli fatematu taaleqoon” ya oose mukhatib hokar kahe: “Ante taaleqoon” Aur agar mard a’rbi mein talaaq ka segha na padh sakta ho aur vakeel bhi na bana sake to woh jis zabaan mein chaahe har oos lafz ke zariye talaaq de sakta hai jo a’rbi lafz ke ham maane hai.
Jis aurat se muta’ kiya gaya ho (maslan ek saal ya ek mahine ke liye oos se nikaah kiya gaya ho) oose talaaq dene ka koi sawaal nahin. Iis ka aazaad hona oos baat par moonhasar hai keh muta’ ki muddat khatm ho jaaye ya mard oose muddat bakhsh de maslan kahe: “Main ne muddat tujhe bakhsh di” aur kisi ko iis par gawaah qarrar dena aur oos aurat ka haiz se paak hona laazim nahin.
Jis ladki ki umr poori nau saal na huyee ho aur isii tarah jo aurat yaesa ho chuuki ho, oos ki koi muddat nahin hoti. Y’ani agarche shauhar ne oos se majam’at ki ho, talaaq ke b’ad woh fauran dasra shauhar kar sakti hai.
Jis ladki ki umr poori nau saal na huyee ho aur isii tarah jo aurat yaesa na ho chuuki ho, oos ka shauhar oos se majam’at kare to agar woh oose talaaq de to zaruri hai keh woh (ladki ya aurat) talaaq ke b’ad I’ddat rake. Aur aisii aurat ki I’ddat jis ke do haiz ka dirmiyaani faasla teen maah se kam ho yeh hai keh jab oos ka shauhar oose paaki ki haalat mein talaaq de to woh itnii muddat sabr kare keh oose dobarah haiz aaye aur paak ho jaaye aur jo nahi oose teesri dafa’ haiz aa jaaye to oos ki I’ddat khatm ho jayegi aur woh dasra nikaah kar sakti hai. Laikin agar shauhar aurat se majam’at karne se pahle oose talaaq de de to oos ke liye koi aurat nahin y’ani woh talaaq ke fauran b’ad dasra nikah kar sakti hai. Laikin agar shauhar ki mani oos ki sharmgaah mein daakhil huyee ho to oos suurat mein zaruri hai keh woh aurat I’ddat rakhe.
Jis aurat ko haiz naa aata ho leikin oos ka sin oon auraton jaisa ho jin ko haiz ataa ho ya oose haiz ataa ho laikin oos ke do haiz ka dirmiyaani faasla teen maah ya oos se zayada ho, agar oos ka shauhar har majam’at karne ke b’ad oose talaaq de de to zaruri hai keh b’ad teen qamri mahine I’ddat rakhe.
Jis aurat ki I’ddat teen mahine ho agar oose chaand ki pahli taareekh ko talaaq di jaaye to zaruri hai keh poore teen qamri mahine (y’ani jab chaand dekha jaaye oos vaqt se teen mahine tak) I’ddat rakhe. Aur agar oose mahine ke dauraan (kisi aur taareekh ko) talaaq di jaaye to zaruri hai keh oos mahine ke baaqi dono mein, oos ke b’ad aane waale do mahine aur chawthhe mahine ke itne din, jitney din pahle mahine se kam hin I’ddat rakhe takeh teen mahine mukammil ho jaayen. Maslan agar oose mahine ki 20th taareekh ko ghurub ke vaqt talaaq di jaaye aur yeh mahina tees(30) din ka ho to oos ki I’ddat ki akhiri taareekh chawthhe mahine ki bees(20) taareekh ghurub tak hai. Aur agar pahle mahina 29 roz ka ho to ehtayaat-e-waajib yeh hai keh chawthhe mahine ki 21 taarekh tak I’ddat rakhe takeh pahle mahine ke jitney din I’ddat rakhi hai oonhein milaakar dono ki t’adaad 30 ho jaaye.
Agar haamla aurat ko talaaq di jaaye to oos ki I’ddat waza’ haml ya isqaat haml tak hai. Lehaaza misaal ke taur par agar talaaq k eek ghante b’ad bahccha ho jaaye to iis suurat ki I’ddat khatm ho jaayegi. Laikin yeh hukm oos suurat mein hai jab woh bachcha shauhar ka shara’ee beta ho. Lehaaza agar aurat zina se haamla huyee ho aur shauhar oose talaaq de to oos ki I’ddat bachche ki paida hone se khatm nahin hoti.
Jis lakdi ne umr ke nau saal mukammil kar liye hon aur isii tarah jo aurat yaesa na ho, agar woh muta’ kare to agar oos ka shauhar oos se majam’at kare aur oos aurat ki muddat tamaam ho jaaye ya shauhar oose muddat bakhsh de to zaruri hai keh woh I’ddat rakhe. Pas agar oose haiz aaye to zaruri hai keh do haiz ke barabar I’ddat rakhe aur nikaah na kare. Aur ek haiz I’ddat rakhna ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par kaafi nahin hai. Aur agar haiz na aaye to 45 din shauhar karne se ijtenaab kare. Aur haamla hone ki suurat mein oos ki I’ddat bachche ki paidayish ya isqaat hone tak hai. Agar che ehtayaat-e-mustahab yeh hai keh jo I’ddat waza’ haml ya 45 din mein se zayada ho utni muddat ke liye I’ddat rakhe.
Talaaq ki I’ddat oos vaqt shuru’ hoti hai jab segha talaaq ka padhna khatm ho jata hai khawah aurat ko pata chale ya na chale keh oose talaaq ho gayee hai. Pas agar oose I’ddat (ke barabar muddat) guzarne ke b’ad pata chale keh oose talaaq ho gayee hai to zaruri hai keh woh dobarah I’ddat rakhe.
Wafaat ki I’ddat
Agar koi aurat bewa ho jaaye aur agar woh haamla ho to qamri chaar mahine das din I’ddat rakhe. Y’ani shadi karne se ruuki rahe. Khawah woh (nau saal se) chhoti ho ya yaesa ya muta’ kiya ho ya kaafir ho ya mutlaqa raje’a ki I’ddat mein ho ya shauhar ne oos se majam’at na ki ho, chaahe shauhar bachcha ya diwaana ho. Aur agar haamla ho to zaruri hai keh waza’ haml tak I’ddat rakhe. Laikin agar chaar mahine aur das din guzarne se pahle bachcha paida ho jaaye to zaruri hai keh shauhar ki maut ke b’ad chaar mahine das din tak sabr kare aur iis I’ddat ko wafaat ki I’ddat kahte hain.
Jo aurat wafaat ki I’ddat mein ho oos ke liye rang birange lebaas pehanna, surmaa lagana aur isii tarah dusre aise kaam karna jo zeenat mein shuumaar hote hain haraam hain laikin ghar se baahar nikalna haraam nahin hai.
Agar aurat ko yaqeen ho jaaye keh oos ka shauhar mar chuuka hai (iis liye I’ddat wafaat rakhi) aur I’ddat ke guzarne ke b’ad dusri shaadi ki. Magar b’ad mein m’aloom hua keh shauhar b’a mein maraa hai aur aurat ne pahle shauhar ki zindagi mein ya oos ke I’ddat wafaat ke dauraan dusri shaadi ki hai to oose chahiye keh dusre shauhar se fauran alag ho jaaye aur ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par do I’ddat guzaare. Pas agar dusre shauhar ke sathh haamla ho to bachcha janne tak dusre shauhar ke sathh wait shabha ki I’ddat rakhe (jo talaaq ki I’ddat ke barabar hai) aur iis ke b’ad pahle shauhar ki I’ddat wafaat guzaare ya pahle I’ddat ki takmeel kare. Agar haamla na ho aur pahle shauhar ki wafaat dusre shauhar ke sathh majam’at se pahle huyee thhi to pahle I’ddat wafaat rakhe oos ke b’ad wait shabha ki I’ddat guzaare. Laikin majam’at pahle shauhar ki wafaat se pahle huyee thhi to oos ki I’ddat muqaddam hai.
Jis aurat ka shauhar lapata ho ya lapata hone ke hukm mein ataa ho oos ki I’ddat wafaat shauhar ki maut ki itla’ milne ke vaqt se shuru’ hoti hai na keh shauhar ki maut ke vaqt se laikin iis hukm ka itlaaq oos aurat ke liye hona jo naabaligh ya paagal ho mehal ishkaal hai iis liye ehtayaat ka lehaaz rakhna waajib hai.
Agar aurat kahe keh meri I’ddat khatm ho gayee hai to oos ki baat qaabil qabool hai magar yeh keh woh ghalat bayaan madhuur ho to oos suurat mein ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par oos ki baat qaabil qabool nahin hai. Maslan woh kahe keh mujhe ek mahine mein teen dafa’ khoon ataa hai to oos baat ki tasdeeq nahin ki jaayegi magar yeh keh oos ki saheliyaan aur rishtedaar auratein iis baat ki tasdeeq kare keh oos ki haiz ki a’adat aisii hai thhi.
Talaaq bayen aur Talaaq raja’ee
Talaaq bayen woh talaaq hai keh jis ke b’ad mard apni aurat ki taraf ruju’ karne ka haq nahin rakhta y’ani yeh keh baghair nikah ke dobarah oose apni biwi nahin bana sakta aur oos talaqq ki chhe qismein hain:
Oos aurat ko di gayee talaaq jis ki umr abhi nau saal na huyee ho.
Oos aurat ko di gayee talaaq jo yaesa ho.
Oos aurat ko di gayee talaaq jis ke shauhar ne nikaah ke b’ad oos se jama’ na kiya ho.
Teesri talaqq jis ki tafseel massla 2484 mein ayegii
Khula’ aur mubaaraat kit alaaq- iis ke ehkaam aage aa rahe hain.
Haakim shara’ ka oos aurat ko talaaq dena jis ka shauhar na oos ke akhraajaat bardasht karta ho na oose talaaq deta deta ho.
Aur iin talaaqon ke a’lawa jo talaaqein hain woh raja’ee hain jis ka matlab yeh hai keh jab tak aurat I’ddat mein ho shauhar oos se ruju’ kar sakta hai.
Jis shakhs ne apni aurat ko raja’ee talaaq di ho oos aurat ko ghar se nikaal dena jis mein woh talaaq dene ke vaqtmuqeem thhi haraam hai. Albatta b’az mauq’o par jin mein se ek yeh keh aurat zina kare to oose ghar se nikaal dene mein koi ihskaal nahin. Neiz yeh bhi haraam hai keh aurat ghair zaruri kaamon keliye shauhar ki ijaazat ke baghair oos ghar se baahar aaye. I’ddat ke dauraan aurat ke akhraajaat shauhar par waajib hain.
Ruju’ karne ke Ehkaam
Raja’ee talaaq mein mar do tariqon se aurat ki taraf ruju’ kar sakta hai:
Aisii baateib kar jin se pata chale keh oos se oose dobarah apni biwi bana liya hai.
Koi kaam kare aur oos kaam se ruju’ ka qasd kare aur jama’ karne se ruju’ saabit ho jata hai khawah oos ka qasd ruju’ karne ka nab hi ho. Albatta bosa lene aur shahuut se hathh lagane se ruju’ saabit hona mehal ishkaal hai. Aur ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par agar aisii suurat mein ruju’ karne ka iraada na ho to zaruri hai keh dobaarah talaaq de de.
Ruju’ karne mein mard ke liye laazim nahin hai keh kisi ko gawaah banaye ya apni biwi ko (ruju’ ke mut’aliq) itla’ de balkeh agar baghair oos ke keh kisi ko pata chale woh khud ruju’ kare to oos ka ruju’ karna sahi hai. Laikin agar I’ddat khatm ho jaane ke b’ad mard kahe keh main ne I’ddat ke dauraan hi ruju’ kar liya thha aur aurat oos ki tasdeeq na kare to laazim hai keh shauhar oos baat ko saabit kare.
Jis mard ne aurat ko raja’ee talaaq di ho agar woh oos se kuchh maal le le aur oos se massalihat kar le keh ab tujh se ruju’ na karoonga to agarche yeh massalihat durust hai aur mard par waajib hai keh ruju’ na kare laikin oos se mard ke ruju’ karne ka haq khatm nahin hota aur agar woh ruju’ kar le to rishta azwaaj dobaarah baraqrrar ho jaayega.
Agar koi shakhs apni biwi ko do dafa’ talaaq de kar oos ki taraf ruju’ kar le ya oose do dafa’ talaaq de aur har talaaq ke b’ad oos se nikaah kare ya ek talaaq ke b’ad ruju’ kar le aur dusri talaaq ke b’ad nikaah kare to teesri talaaq ke b’ad woh oos mard par haraam ho jaayegi. Laikin agar suarat teesri talaaq ke b’ad kisi dusre mard se nikaah kare to woh paanch sharton ke sathh pahle mard par halaal hogi y’ani woh oos aurat se dobaarah nikaah kar sakega.
Dusre shauhar ka nikaah dayemi ho. Pas agar woh oos aurat se muta’ kar le to oos mard se a’laidegi ke b’ad pahla shauhar oos se nikaah nahin kar sakta.
Dasra shauhar jama’ kare aur ehtayaat-e-waajib yeh hai keh jama’ farj mein kare na keh dabr mein.
Dasra shauhar oose talaaq de ya mar jaaye.
Dusre shauhar ki talaaq ki I’ddat ya wafaat ki I’ddat khatm ho jaaye.
Ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par dasra shauhar jama’ karte vaqt baaligh ho.
Talaaq Khula’
Oos aurat ki talaaq ko jo apne shauhar ki taraf ma’el na ho aur oos se nafrat karti ho apna mehar ya koi aur maal oose bakhsh de takeh woh oose talaaq de de, talaaq khula’ kahte hain. Talaaq khula’ mein mot’bar hai keh aurat apne shauhar se iis qadr shaded nafrat karti ho keh oose wazifaa zaujiyat adaa na karne ki dhamki de.
Jab shauhar khud talaaq khula’ ka segha padhna chaahe to agar oos ki biwi ka naam maslan fatema ho to a’uz lene ke b’ad kahe: “zaujati fatemato khala’tuha a’la ma badhalat” aur ehtayaat-e-mustahab ki bina par “faheya taaleqoon” bhi kahe y’ani main ne apni biwi fatemah ko iis maal ke a’uz jo oos ne mujhe diya hai talaaq khula’ de raha hoon aur woh azaad hai. Agar aurat ma’een ho to talaaq khula’ mein aur neiz talaaq mubaaraat mein iis ka naam lenaa laazim nahin.
Agar koi aurat kisi shakhs ko vakeel muqarrar kare takeh woh oos ka mehar oos ke shauhar ko bakhsh de aur shauhar bhi oosi shakhs ko vakeel muqarrar kare takeh woh oos ki biwi ko talaaq de de to agar misaal ke taur par shauhar ka naam mohammad aur biwi ka naam fatema ho to vakeel segha talaaq yoon padhe: “A’n muwakkelati fatemata bazalto mahraha lemuwakkeli muhammedin leyakhla’ha a’laihe” aur oos ke b’ad bilafasl kahe: ““zaujati khala’tuha a’la ma badhalat fehya taaleqoon” aur agar aurat kisi ko vakeel muqarrar kare keh oos ke shauhar ko mehar ke a’lawa koi aur cheez bakhsh de takeh oos ka shauhar oose talaaq de de to zaruri hai keh vakeel lafz “mehraha” ki bajaye oos chezz ka naam le maslan agar aurat sau rupayye diye hon to zaruri hai keh kahe: “badhalat meata rubeyate”.
Talaaq mubaaraat
Agar miyan biwi dono ek dusre ko na chahte hon aur ek dusre se nafrat karte hon aur aurat mard ko kuchh maal de takeh woh oose talaaq de de to oose talaaq mubaaraat kahte hain.
Agar shauhar mubaaraat ka segha padhna chahta ho to agar surat ka naam fatema ho to zaruri hai keh kahe: “b’azato zaujati fatemata a’la ma badhalat” aur ehtayaat-e-laazim ki bina par “faheya taaleqoon” bhi kahe y’ani main aur meri biwi fatema iis “a’ta” ke muqaable mein jo oos ne ki hai ek dusre se juda ho gaye hain, pas woh azaad hai. Aur agar woh shakhs kisi ko vakeel muqarrar kare to zaruri hai keh vakeel kahe: A’n qible muwakkeli b’azato zaujati fatemata a’la ma badhalat feheya taaleqoon” aur dono suuraton mein kalma “a’la mabadhalat” ki bajaye agar “bema badhaalat” kahe to koi ishkaal nahin hai.
Khula’ aur mubaaraat ki talaaq ka segha agar mumkin ho to sahi a’rbi mein padha jana chahiye aur agar mumkin na ho to oos ka hukm talaq ke hukm jaisa hai jis ka bayaan massla 2467 mein guzar chuuka hai. Laikin aga raurat mubaaraat ki talaaq ke liye shauhar ko apna maal bakhsh de. Maslan urdu mein kahe keh “main ne talaaq lene ke liye falan maal nahin bakhsh diya” to koi ishkaal nahin.
Agar koi aurat talaaq khula’ ya talaaq mubaaraat ki I’ddat ke dauraan apni bakhshish se phir jaaye to shauhar oos ki taraf ruju’ kar sakta hai aur dobaarah nikaah kiye baghair oose apni biwi bana sakta hai.
Jo maal shauhar talaaq mubaaraat ke liye de zaruri hai keh woh aurat ke mehar se zayada na ho balkeh ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par zaruri hai keh mehar se kam ho. Laikin talaaq khula’ ke silsile mein liya jaane wala maal agar mehar se zayada bhi ho to koi ishkaal nahin.
Talaaq ke mukhtalif Ehkaam
Agar koi aadmi kisi namahram aurat se gumaan mein jama’ kare woh oos ki biwi hai to khawah aurat ko ilm ho keh woh shakhs oos ka shauhar nahin hai ya gumaan kare keh oos ka shauhar hai zaruri hai keh I’ddat rakhe.
Agar koi aadmi kisi aurat se yeh jaante huye zina kare keh woh oos ki biwi nahin hai to agar aurat ko ilm ho keh woh aadmi oos ka shauhar nahin hai oos ke liye I’ddat rakhna zaruri nahin. Laikin agar oose shauhar hone ka gumaan ho to ehtayaat-e-waajib yeh hai keh woh aurat I’ddat rakhe.
Agar koi aadmi kisi aurat ko warghalaaye keh woh apne shauhar se mut’aliq az doaji zimmedariyaan poori na kare takeh iis tarah shauhar oose talaaq dene par majboor ho jaaye aur woh khud oos aurat ke sathh shadi kar sake to talaaq aur nikaah sahi hain. Laikin don one bohut bada goonaah kiya hai.
Agar aurat nikaah ke silsile mein shauhar se koi khaas shart kare maslan oos ka shauhar lamba safar ikhtayaar kare ya maslan chhe mahine oose kharch na de ya taweel muddat ke liye qaidi ban jaaye waghairah to talaaq ka ikhtayaar aurat ko haasil hoga to yeh shart baatil hai. Laikin agar woh yoon shart kare keh woh shauhar ki taraf se vakeel hai keh khaas shara’et ke tehat ya baghair kisi qaid aur shart ke apne aap ko oo ki taraf se talaaq de sakti hai to yeh shart sahi hai aur b’ad mein shauhar oos ko apni vakaalat se nahin hataa sakta. AGr woh aurat iis tarah khud ko talaaq de de to talaaq sahi hai.
Jis aurat ka shauhar laapata ho jaaye agar woh dasra shauhar karna chaahe to zaruri hai keh mujtahid a’adil ke paas jaaye jo khaas shara’et ke tehat jin ki tafseel moonhaajul saleheen mein mazkuur hai oose talaaq de sakta hai.
Da’emi diwaane ke baap dada oos ki bhalayee ke liye oos ki biwi ko talaaq de sakte hain.
Agar baap ya dada apne (naabaligh) ladke (ya pote) ka kisi aurat se muta’ kar de aur muta’ ki I’ddat mein oos ladke ke liye mukallif hone ki kuchh muddat bhi shamil ho maslan apne chaudah saalaa ladke ka kisi aurat se do saala keliye muta’ kar de to agar oos mein ladke ki bhalayee ho to woh (y’ani baap ya dada) oos aurat ki muddat bakhsh sakta hai. Laikin ladke ki da’emi biwi ko talaaq nahin de sakta,.
Agar koi shakhs do aadmiyon ko shara’ ki muqarrar karda a’laamat ki rau se a’adil samjhe aur apni bii ko oon ke saamne talaaq de de to koi aur shakhs jise oon do aadmiyon ki a’daalat mein shak ho, agar oose ehtemaal ho keh oon dono ki a’daalat talaaq dene waale ke nazdeek saabit shuda hai to oos aurat ki I’ddat khatm hone ke b’ad oos ke sathh apna ya dusre ka nikaah kar sakta hai laikin agar oon ke a’adil na hone ka yaqeen ho to oos aurat ke sathh aqd nahin kar sakta.
Woh aurat jise talaaq raja’ee di gayee ho woh I’ddat ke dauraan oos mard ke liye shara’ee biwi ki haisiyat rakhti hai yahan tak keh I’ddat khatm ho jaaye. Aurat ke liye zaruri hai keh har qism ke istemata’ se jo shauhar ka haq hai na roke aur jayez balkeh mustahab hai keh shauhar ke liye banao singhaar kare. Aur oos ki ijaazat ke baghair oos ke ghar se baahar nikalna jayez nahin. Oos ke akhrajaat shauhar par waajib hain bashart hai keh woh naashaza (naafarmaan) na ho aur oos ka fitra aur kafan bhi shauhar ke zimme hai, Kisi ek marne par dasra waaris ban skata hai aur mard I’ddat ke dauraan saali se shadi nahin kar sakta.
