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One of the biggest problems to do with the stability of automotive coatings has always been their
stonechip resistance. Stonechipping was initially observed in the car underbody. To this day, there-
fore, car underbodies are protected by an underbody seal (see Chapter 3.4.8.1). The second area
of a car body that is often treated with an anti-chip coating is the sill area. A
stonechip protec-
tion primer
was applied there in a separate working step (in Germany: stonechip intermediate
primer). It contained resins with flexibility akin to that of elastomers. The stonechip protection
primer was covered with the same topcoat used for the entire car body. However, the smoothness
and appearance in that area were unsatisfactory.
Since the 1980s, two new requirements have been imposed on primer surfacers. First, the need
for greater unit output per unit time necessitated optimisation of the coating process. As most of
the time and effort were spent on sanding, the sanding process was reduced step by step. Finally,
to cut down on personnel, primer surfacers were only sanded to rectify flaws in the coating layer
(specks, inclusions).
With the advent of streamlined car bodies (the latest developments being wedge-shaped) and
increases in the average speed of cars, stonechipping can now occur anywhere on the car body,
and not just on the underbody and sill parts. As the appearance of the stonechip protection primer
was not good enough for use on the entire car, there arose a need for primer surfacers that would
protect the whole car against stonechipping, while still providing filling and smoothness for
topcoat systems. Finally, variations in the composition of the old primer surfacers led to so-called
stonechip primer surfacers, which met the two requirements of protecting the entire coating sys-
tem against mechanical impact and contributing to optimum appearance. Apart from the specific
pigment composition, it was mainly the resin system which was modified to this end. The urea
resins which had served as crosslinkers in the earlier primer formulations were replaced first
by melamine resins and later by a combination of melamine resins and blocked polyisocyanates.
The short oil alkyds were replaced by saturated polyesters containing building blocks that could
provide flexibility. Some products additionally contained polyurethanes that provided excellent
elastomeric properties, too. To highlight the new properties of these products, they were dubbed
stonechip primer surfacers. Since the ingredients of these stonechip primer surfacers (saturated
polyester, blocked polyisocyanate, melamine resin, and polyurethane) were all more expensive
than those of the earlier primer surfacers, they too were more expensive. Nonetheless, the extra
requirements imposed and the goal of guaranteeing longer coating service life on cars meant that
the new generation of primer surfacers soon penetrated the whole market. The result was that
there were fewer complaints. Today, nearly all available primer surfacers for automotive coatings
meet the demands of stonechip resistance and the other properties described. It is therefore no
longer necessary to preface the term automotive OEM primer surfacer with “stonechip”.
Where car makers needed very bright colours, which require pigments with effective hiding
power, coloured primer surfacers were developed. The requirements were comparable to those of
undercoats, but now the primer surfacers themselves contained some coloured pigment in addi-
tion to the typical pigments for surfacers. For some automotive coating lines,
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