Polyurethanes So-called 100 % materials can be formulated from liquid binders that contain free hydroxyl
groups, and liquid polyisocyanates. The liquid binders are mainly polyether polyols and castor
oil. The liquid polyisocyanates, which are the crosslinkers, are polyfunctional derivatives of MDI
(methylene diphenyl isocyanate or 4,4’-diisocyanato diphenylmethane). The binders containing
hydroxyl groups serve to disperse the pigment. Since polyisocyanates react at room temperatures,
both parts are supplied separately and mixed just prior to application. Application is therefore
performed with a two-component spray gun. The products yield highly flexible films. As the films
consist of crosslinked molecular networks, their resistance to solvents and chemicals are much
better than those of the PVC systems. The required stonechip resistance can be achieved at a much
lower film thickness. This offers the possibility of weight savings. However, polyurethane systems
are more expensive than PVC systems.
Alternatives Some car bodies do not need underbody seals. The underbody has a plastic cover integrated into
the subassembly.
3.4.8.2 Seam sealing The sealants used for car bodies are thermosetting adhesives and sealants
[80]
. They are used for
door folds and joints, roof tops and other parts of the body. They also find use in acoustic insula-
tion layers. In addition, they serve to boost the rigidity of body parts.
The materials used during car body construction (before the coating process) are reactive adhe-
sives which mainly consist of epoxy resins and amine hardeners. Materials used alongside coat-
ings are PVC plastisols, polyacrylate plastisols, and rubber compounds. Sometimes the sealant
systems may be applied manually, but automatic application equipment are also used. Gelation
and solidification of the sealants occurs in the stoving ovens for electro deposition primers or
primer surfacers. The rubber systems vulcanise under these conditions.
A special type of sealing is that used in windscreen frame sealers. When car windows are incor-
porated into the car body, they are fixed in place with a special sealant material. These sealers
contain polyurethane compounds that solidify by reaction with atmospheric moisture. It is essen-
tial that these materials adhere well to the topcoat or clearcoat layer and, of course, to the window
glass (see Chapter 3.8.2.6).
Pre-treatment and primers