Automotive Coatings Formulation: Chemistry, Physics und Practices



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Automotive Coatings Formulation Ulrich Poth - Chemistry, Physics und Practices (2008, Vincentz Network) - libgen.li

primer surfacers
for automotive OEM coating systems already had relatively 
high application solid of about 55 to 60 % by weight. The use of low-molecular resins paved the way 
to raising the solid content at application viscosity to 65 to 70 % by weight. The reduction in VOCs 
was not large. It was not until water-borne primer surfacers were developed that extensive reduc-
Table 3.9.1: Calculation of solvent emission of different basecoats
Metallic basecoats
Low-solid
Medium-solid
High-solid
component
density
wt-%
vol-%
wt-%
vol-%
wt-%
vol-%
aluminium pigment
2.70
1.8
0.6
3.0
1.0
4.8
1.7
resin
1.20
11.2
8.3
19.0
14.6
30.2
24.3
solids
13.0
22.0
35.0
solvent
0.85
87.0
91.1
78.0
84.4
65.0
73.9
sum
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
layer thickness
15 µm
15 µm
15 µm
g solid/m²
21.1
21.1
21.1
g solvent/m²
130.5
69.0
36.2
Reductions in solvent emissions


202
tions were made. Although water-borne primer surfacers have only about 45 % by weight application 
solid, they contain only about 10 % cosolvent. Emissions drop from, for example, 41.6 g solvent per m
2
for a solvent-borne primer surfacer to 13.5 g/m
2
, or to about one third. Table 3.9.3 shows the formula-
tion of solvent-borne and water-borne primer surfacers and the calculated solvent emissions. 
In the USA, the coating system for several types of passenger cars did not contain a primer surfacer 
layer. However, this was introduced with a view to optimising the overall film properties. The coat-
ing systems include primer surfacer layers that offer superior weathering resistance (to prevent 
under-chalking), and better appearance (optimum levelling and filling power). To avoid increases 
in VOC values, it was necessary to introduce a primer surfacer that contained no VOCs. This led to 
the development and application of powder primer surfacers (see Chapter 3.5.7) based on polyesters 
containing carboxyl groups, and crosslinked by epoxy resins 
[101, 107]
; these contain virtually no VOCs.
Conventional solid colour topcoats contain application solid of 45 to 55 % by weight, the precise 
figure depending on the colour shade. The solid content was increased to 55 to 65 % by weight, 
without any impairment of film properties, by selecting resins of lower molecular weight and 
optimum solubility. However, solid colour topcoat systems containing a solid colour basecoat and 
a clearcoat (two-layer systems) appeared that were comparable in effect to basecoat and clearcoat 
Table 3.9.2: Formulation and solvent emission of medium-solid and water-borne basecoat

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