Automotive Coatings Formulation: Chemistry, Physics und Practices


Factors governing the polymerisation process



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Automotive Coatings Formulation Ulrich Poth - Chemistry, Physics und Practices (2008, Vincentz Network) - libgen.li

Factors governing the polymerisation process
Factors governing the molecular masses of polyesters are molecular excesses of polyols, the reac-
tivity of the functional groups, the degree of condensation, and the degree of branching. These are 
mainly material factors. By contrast, the critical factors governing the production of acrylic resins 
are the process conditions. It is possible to analyse the process-determining factors independently 
of the different compounds that are used for the preparation of acrylic resins. The most important 
are the initiator concentration, the polymerisation temperature, the ratio of solvent and quantity 
of monomers (i.e. the concentration of free monomer in the reaction mixture), and the dosing 
time of the monomer mixture, which also generates a specific free monomer concentration during 
the process. Figure 3.8.10 shows that the values of attainable molecular weight, together with 
the viscosity of the resultant resin solution, will decrease significantly with increase in initiator 
concentration, with increase in polymerisation temperature, increase in solvent content, and 
increase in dosing time. 
Figure 3.8.10: Process factors governing the molecular weight or viscosity
Automotive OEM coatings


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Most of the curves decline, but change very little change at high values of the governing factors. 
However, with increase in solvent content, the molecular weight or viscosity continues to decrease. 
The reason is that the solvents react by free-radical transfer which terminates chain propagation 
and are thus competing against the monomers which extend the chains. Thus, the more solvent 
molecules in the vicinity of growing chains and the lower the monomer concentration, the shorter 
the chains become. At elevated temperatures, initiator free-radicals can recombine, with the result 
that no initiation reaction occurs, or side reactions occur (transesterification, disproportionation), 
both of which increase the molecular weight and viscosity. All these factors work in concert and, 
of course, there are interactions between them. To prepare high-solid acrylic resins (see Chapter 
3.8.4), it is necessary to follow the rules of the governing parameters.

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