Bog'liq Automotive Coatings Formulation Ulrich Poth - Chemistry, Physics und Practices (2008, Vincentz Network) - libgen.li
3.8.2.6 Windscreen bonding Windscreens and other window parts are installed in car bodies by being bonded in the grooves
of window frames with special sealants
[153]
. On one hand, the windows must be firmly connected
to the frame while, on the other, the bond must offer some play to allow for differential thermal
expansion of the window and frame. The installed window must also contribute to the stiffness
of the entire car body.
The adhesive material consists of plastic beading. The binders are moisture-curing polyurethane
prepolymers. Such prepolymers are prepared by making polyether polyols react with excess
aromatic diisocyanates to afford polymers with terminated isocyanate groups. The polyether
polyols contain mixtures of difunctional compounds with smaller quantities of polyethers of
high functionality for creating crosslinked elastomer molecules after moisture curing. The curing
starts by addition of atmospheric moisture to the isocyanate group to yield a carbaminic acid. The
carbaminic acid is unstable and decomposes into an amine and carbon dioxide. The amine reacts
very quickly with remaining isocyanate groups to form urea linkages (crosslinked polyureas).
These reactions are accelerated by catalysts, e.g. dibutyltin dilaurate and bismuth octoate. The
adhesives also contain pigments, mainly carbon black, up to 20 % by weight. The critical property
here is adhesion of the adhesive material – during application but more important after crosslink-
ing – to the clearcoat layer on the window frame. The adhesion properties must be tested carefully.
Crucial factors governing adhesion are the building blocks in the clearcoat resin composition, the
type of crosslinker used for the clearcoat, the crosslinking density, atmospheric humidity and
temperature. Furthermore, different adhesive materials react differently with different clearcoats.
It is very important to match the adhesive type and its constituent materials to the clearcoat. Car
producers stipulate close cooperation between windscreen-adhesive producers and coating-mate-
rials producers as they have to guarantee that there will be no loss of adhesion of windows in the
car-body frames during use. This is tested by applying a bead of adhesive from a cartridge to pan-
els treated with the full coating system. The adhesive is allowed to crosslink under well defined
conditions. The end of the bead on the panel is cut and the bead pulled off under high force. The
force needed to remove the bead is determined. The best result is one in which very little of the
clearcoat surface is exposed and cohesion failure occurs in the adhesive itself.