Assignment by Sanakulova Zukhra Unit 6 Airstream Mechanisms and Phonation types

Consonantal Gestures
Speech sounds use as basic units in phonetic and phonology that is called gestures. There are two aspects we can describe consonantal gestures in the languages of the world; the targets of gestural movements are called the places of articulation, the second one is the manner of articulation the way which target approached. This is the insight, where we have to understand that speech sounds are gestural movements, not static position of vocal cords.

Types of articulatory gestures are; bilabial gestures, labiodental fricatives, dental, alveolar, retroflex, palatal, stops, nasal.
Bilabial gesture is common in English, which has bilabial stops and nasals [p,b,m]. But bilabial fricatives in English are simply allophones of labiodental sounds [f,v].Even in the case of a very short trill in which there is only a single contact with the roof of the mouth, the movement is different from that tap, or a flap. In a trill, the tip of the tongue is set in motion by the current of air. A flap or a tap is caused by a single contraction of the muscles so that articulator is thrown against another. It is often very rapid stop gesture. Lateral, in phonetics, a consonant sound produced by raising the tip of the tongue against the roof of the mouth so that the airstream flows past one or both sides of the tongue.

An example of a lateral consonant is the English [l], as in Larry.
Trill is rolled consonant which is the active articulator taps several ties against the passive articulator. For example,[r] sound in horse. There is also one important case, it is when some sounds involve the simultaneous use of two gestures. The English approximant [w] has both approximation of the lips, this makes it a bilabial sound, and of the back of the tongue of soft palate which makes it velar sound. Sound that involves two gestures is called labial velar. Sibilant, in phonetics, a fricative consonant sound, in which the tip, or blade, of the tongue is brought near the roof of the mouth and air is pushed past the tongue to make a hissing sound. In English s, z, sh are sibilants.