ISSN: 2278-4853 Special Issue, March, 2020 Impact Factor: SJIF 2020 = 6.882
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Asian Research Journals
http://www.tarj.in
128
Special
Issue
MAIN PART
Effective teaching is intellectually demanding in that it requires theteacher to know, in a deep
sense, the subject being taught. To teacheffectively you need to be able to think and problem-
solve, to analysea topic, to reflect upon what is an appropriate approach, to select keystrategies
and materials, and to organize and structure ideas,information, and tasks for students. None of
these activities occurs ina vacuum. Effective teaching is socially challenging in that it takesplace
in the context of a department and institution which may haveunexamined traditions and
conflicting goals and values. Mostimportant of all, effective teaching requires the teacher to
considerwhat the students know, to communicate clearly to them, and tostimulate them to learn,
think, communicate, and perhaps in theirturn, to stimulate their teachers. In short, to teach
effectively youmust know your subject, know how your students learn, and how toteach. But
clearly, effective teaching is not solely dependent upon theteachers. Students too have
responsibilities to learn. Sometimes theseresponsibilities need to be made explicit. Often an
indirect butpowerful way of improving your teaching is to improve the ways inwhich students
learn. Hence a theme in this book, particularly thefinal chapter, is how you can help your
students to learn.
Before embarking upon the study of various methods of teaching itseems appropriate to
consider the following question: what isteaching? Teaching may be regarded as providing
opportunities forstudents to learn. It is an interactive process as well as an intentionalactivity.
However, students may not always learn what we intend andthey may, sometimes alas, also learn
notions which we did not intendthem to learn.The content of learning may be facts, procedures,
skills, and ideasand values. Your goals in teaching, and therefore for the learning ofyour
students, may be gains in knowledge and skills, the deepening ofunderstanding, the
development of problem solving or changes inperceptions, attitudes, values, and behaviour.
(Students’ goals may, ofcourse, be more pragmatic—passing examinations!) Given
thatteaching is an intentional activity concerned with student learning, itfollows that it is
sensible to spend some time on thinking andarticulating your intentions in teaching a
particular topic to a group ofstudents—and on checking whether those intentions are realizable
andwere realized.
The various methods of teaching may be placed on a continuum.At one extreme is the lecture
in which student control andparticipation is usually minimal. At the other extreme is private
studyin which lecturer control and participation is usually minimal. It should be noted that even
at each end of the continuum there is somecontrol and participation by both lecturer and students.
Thus inlectures students may choose what notes to take, whether to askquestions—or even
disrupt the class. A student’s private study is likelyto be influenced by the suggestions of the
lecturer, the materials andtasks that he or she has provided and the texts that are made availablein
the library.
Effectiveness is best estimated in relation to your own goals ofteaching. Thus what counts
as effective in one context may not be soin another. A beautifully polished lecture which
provides the solutionto a problem may be considered effective if the goal was
merelyconveying information. If the goal was to stimulate the students todevelop the
solution then the polished lecture may be regarded asineffective. However, you should be
wary of the argument that badteaching is effective teaching because it forces students to study
moreintensely. Leaving aside the differing views of ‘bad’ teaching, such anargument may be a
rationalization for not improving your teaching.For us, bad teaching reduces motivation,
ISSN: 2278-4853 Special Issue, March, 2020 Impact Factor: SJIF 2020 = 6.882
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