Asian Research Journals
http://www.tarj.in
134
Special
Issue
In general, the history of these periods in Khorezm still requires a great deal of research. In
particular, it is necessary to analyze the data of written sources first and foremost with the
numismatic sources. At the same time, data from other ancillary historical sciences, including
archeology, ethnography, anthropology, toponomics, and onomastics, should also be used to
fully support these problems.
In the history of the Central Asian peoples, the Eftali era was characterized by the transition from
ancient state traditions to medieval state relations. This process is reflected in the archeological
excavations in the Khorezm region. Khorezm was an independent state under the Ethiopians and
ruled by the African dynasty. The capital of the African state was Kat (now Beruni). In 305 AD,
Afrig, a descendant of the Siyavushians, built a royal castle in the highest Al-fir in the city of
Kat. From that date, Afrig began the New Year and laid the foundation for the African dynasty.
From IV century onwards, Khorezm was invaded by the nomadic invasion, probably temporarily
located in the Sarykamysh basin. Anthropological artifacts from the Kunnak and Kangkala
monuments show the existence of a new ethnic layer. According to SP Tolstov, in the
iconography of copper and silver coins, the kings of Khorezm are depicted in nomads' heads and
mustaches [13].
There is no scientific evidence that Khorezm belongs to the Eftalites. According to SP Tolstov,
Khorezm is officially dependent on Eftalites. Their location is in the northeast of the oasis and
then southward. Taking into account the fact that Kerder, the capital of Haywangkala, is the
capital of the Arab written sources, the same Eftalites were true. Indeed, before the Arab
invasion, Kardar was a separate province and state, encompassing Tahtakupir. In our opinion,
Kerdar is officially influenced by Northern Khorezm.
Of the Afrikan dynasty, Khorezm was governed by 22 kings.
In Khorezm, the last ruler of the African dynasty, Abu Abdullah Muhammad, was executed in
995 by the ruler of North Khorezm, Mamun Ibn Muhammad. The content unites both parts of
Khorezm and declares itself as Khorezm.
In the middle of the sixth century the Turkic tribes invading Altai conquered Maveraunnakhr,
including Khorezm. In 565, they defeated the Ethiopian state, united the territory from China to
the Volga River and established a powerful Turkish kaganate.
Khorezm even functioned as independent state during the Turkic Khaganate. This is because the
Turkish khokims did not interfere in the internal affairs of the peoples of Central Asia, including
Khorezm. They are mainly charged with taxation.
The Turkish kaganate is divided into several khokimiyats, most of which are governors of the
Kan dynasty. The governors of all the provinces obeyed the highest power. As it is known,
Khorezm and Chach were ruled by the rulers of the local dynasty. Khorezm was the most
independent province among the regions of the great khanate. At that time Khorezm was
governed by representatives of the African dynasty. The khokims of the Central Asian provinces
united in Khakan were held in Khorezm.
There is no information about the Khorezm state and political system of the IV-VIII centuries,
except for some written data. According to numismatic research, Khorezm was the king of the
state. They are known as “Khorezmshah” and this tradition has been preserved for a long time in
other parts of Central Asia. That is to say, in some areas (Takharistan - "queen", in Termez -
ISSN: 2278-4853 Special Issue, March, 2020 Impact Factor: SJIF 2020 = 6.882
TRANS
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |