Asian Research Journals
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One of the most important sources that provide information and gather poems of Sultankhantura
Ado is the memoir «Majmuai shoiron» by Fazli Namangoni. M.Shaniyozov, doing a special
research on this collection, examined more than 30 manuscripts and lithographic copies of the
book stored in the manuscript fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Raykhan
Beruni, the Kokand Literature Museum named after Gafur Gulom, and the Alisher Navoi State
Literature Museum.
Another manuscript copy of this work is stored in Turkey at «İstanbul Büyükşehir belediyesi
Atatürk kitablığı». On the basis of these sources, we tried to study about the parts related to
Sultankhon Ado in «Majmuai shoiron».
First and foremost, the thing that captured our attention is to see some descriptive lines about the
author of ghazals written by Fazliy for every single ghazal. The author also wrote masnaviys (a
type of poetry) on Ado, just like other poets, with descriptions and praise. It is noteworthy that
the poet had a ghazal in the 42 places, but all had a masnaviys.
The Masnawi were written in Persian and sometimes in Turkic. Ghazal may be in Persian, a
masnaviy about a poet might be in Turkic, or vice versa. At times, even the masnaviys
themselves come in mixed form.
In terms of their meaning, they are almost identical. That is to say, Ado is praised for his skill
and ingenuity, subtlety and goodwill.
Simultaneously, it is also possible to come across some information about the life of Ado
through some of the Masnaviys. And this is what we truly want.
نارماك نخس ىزاير رد ىدا
نايرارها ىرخف ناگجاخ يرس
That is, he is the governor of the world of word, the leader of the Khojagon tariqah, and the pride
of the Ahroris. Here it is mentioned that the poet was the descendant of KhujaUbaydullahAhror.
In another Persian masnaviy, it is mentioned that he was a «khujakalon».
Fazliy also mentions that the ghazal were written in the form of devotion. This will make it
easier to see if the piece was written independently or if it was a compromise.
The poems of Sultonkhuja Ado included in this memoir are in the genre of ghazal, muhammas
and muammo (two types of poetry). The ghazals are in Turkic and Persian. Muammos and one
muhammas were written in Persian. Their total volume is 761 lines.
We can safely say that the poet’s 19 ghazals in Turkic languages were written mainly in tatabbu
(a genre of ghazal), which complies with the rules of poetry. The second ghazal was not a mere
imitation of the first ghazal, as the poetic art requires, but the poet had approached it creatively,
the topic was elucidated more clearly and the literary scope was enriched.
It is well-known to the people of literature that the literary environment of Kokand played a
special role in the development of the Tatabbu genre. In this literary environment, the tendency
and need to writing tatabbu was strong. There was also a PhD dissertation by B. Fayzullaev. This
dissertation states: «Although the poets who rose to the level of control of the literary process
were Ado and then Fazli, but the principal guide was the khan poet himself. Therefore, tatabbu
writing had also been largely a response to their and malikush-shuaros’ poems». In the memoir
ISSN: 2278-4853 Special Issue, March, 2020 Impact Factor: SJIF 2020 = 6.882
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