Asian Research Journals
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199
Special
Issue
and much of it is based around keeping tourists happy, occupied and equipped with the things
they need during their time away from home.
The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that
includes lodging, food and drink service, event
planning, theme
parks, transportation, cruise
line, traveling, airline and additional fields within the tourism industry.
The hospitality industry is an industry that depends on the availability of leisure time
and disposable income. A hospitality unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or an amusement park
consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance and direct operations
(servers, housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers, bartenders, management, marketing, and human
resources etc.).
Hospitality industry concentrates on customer's satisfaction by creating good services and
products that will meet their needs. This is a very competitive industry since there can be various
types of product and service such as the diversity of cuisine, dining options, drive-through
option, variety of beverage, different hotel's themes, etc. Therefore, it is important for service
providers to establish a good relationship with customers, so that they will come back for more.
3
The tourism and hotel industry acts as one of the regulators of employment. More than 8 million
jobs are created annually in this area. For example, tourism accounts for 11.9% of the European
Union job market. According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), the world tourism
system employs more than 260 million people, and creating one job here costs about 20 times
less than in the industrial sector of the economy
4
.
Examples of tourist-developed countries (Spain, Tunisia, Italy, Greece, France, Austria), where
20 to 60% of the employed population work in the service sector, show that of the three new
professions, as a rule (especially for young people), two may arise precisely in the tourism
sector.
5
Considerable attention is paid to training personnel for the tourism industry worldwide. Because
for the tourism business the problem of qualified personnel is very important since in tourism the
product offered to the consumer is not a product, but a service.
Ensuring the quality of tourist services is directly related to the professionalism of the specialists
providing these services, knowledge of tourist resources and their quality. This means that it
depends on the knowledge and skills of the manager who offers this service whether the
consumer will acquire it or not.
Tourism management plays an outstanding integrative role. Therefore, it is no coincidence that
the basis of professional tourism education was not technology, engineering, economics,
ecology, or even marketing, but management as a direction that was able to realize the system-
forming and integratively generating functions of tourism to the maximum extent possible.
Therefore, the manager in tourism should not only possess knowledge about a particular tourist
destination but also be a psychologist who feels his client, have knowledge of the fundamentals
of international law and be ready to answer any consumer question.
The main world training centers for the tourism industry were founded at the beginning and
middle of the twentieth century. Most of the educational institutions that train personnel for the
tourism sector are in the UK, Spain and Italy, France; Canada, the United States, and Chile stand
ISSN: 2278-4853 Special Issue, March, 2020 Impact Factor: SJIF 2020 = 6.882
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