LITERATURE REVIEW
Household finance is the backbone of a modern financial system. Savings of the population are
the most important potential source of investment, start-up capital for business development
[Burdyak A. Ya., 2014]. The effective demand of households stimulates organizations to produce
more different goods and provide a variety of services.
Personal income tax is an important revenue part of the republican and local budgets.
Meanwhile, there is a terminological confusion - there are many synonymous names for one and
the same phenomenon: household finances, population finances; personal, personal, individual
finances.
The category of personal (personal, individual) finances is fundamentally different from
household finances in its focus on covering the needs of a specific person, and not a family or
collective. On the other hand, a household can be represented by one person, then the concepts of
personal finance and household finance become equivalent.
The household is different from the family. The separated relative will be a member of the
family but not a member of the household.
The following features (characteristic features) of households can be distinguished:
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cohabitation and arrangement of everyday life;
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possession of certain resources;
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independence in making economic decisions;
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joint housekeeping;
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striving for maximum satisfaction of needs.
Before there was a special discipline in household finance, family economics and consumer
economics were studied in foreign colleges for 100 years. For the first time, Hazel Kyrk
(University of Chicago) wrote about personal finance (household finance) in her dissertation in
1920. Margaret Reid, professor of household economics at the same university, is recognized as
one of the pioneers in the study of consumer behavior and household behavior.
In 1947, Herbert A. Simon, a Nobel laureate, suggested that a person does not always make the
best financial decisions due to limited educational resources and personal inclinations. In 2009,
Dan Ariely, who predicted the 2008 financial crisis, showed that a person makes irrational
financial decisions, and the market does not necessarily self-regulate and correct any imbalances
in the economy.
According to V.V. Ivanov and V.V. Kovalev [Kovaleva V.V., 2007], a household is a group of
people who jointly make economic decisions. This definition is not entirely accurate, since, as
mentioned above, a household can be represented by one person. A more precise definition
would be the following: a household is a person or group of people who make economic
ISSN: 2278-4853 Vol 10, Issue 9, September, 2021 Impact Factor: SJIF 2021 = 7.699
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