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b) “Tell” fe’lidan so’ng to’ldiruvchi qo’llanadi:
Subject + tell + Object + (that) + S + Verb
Jack told
me
that he was a student – Jek menga talaba bo’lganligini aytdi
Bundan tashqari,
“tell” fe’li ot bilan birikib kela oladi:
To tell a story –
hikoya aytib bermoq
To tell a joke –
hazil tariqasida aytmoq
To tell a secret –
sirni aytmoq
To tell a lie –
yolg’on gapirmoq
To tell the truth –
haqiqatni gapirmoq
To tell the time –
vaqtni aytmoq
FE’LNING SHAXSSIZ SHAKLLARI
INFINITIVE
Infinitive –
fe’lning shaxssiz shakllaridan biri bo’lib, o’zbek tilidagi
harakat
nomi
ga to’g’ri keladi.
Ingliz tilida,
“infinitive” fe’llar oldidan “to” yuklamasini qo’shib yasaladi va
gapda “-sh, -ish, -moq” deb tarjima qilinadi.
To
read – yozish, yozmoq
To
study – o’qish, o’qimoq
Infinitivning gapdagi vazifalari
a)
Infinitive ega vazifasida:
To learn
English is difficult – ingliz tilini o’rganish qiyin
To leave
in a village is pleasant – qishloqda qolish yoqimli
To drive
a car in a big city isn’t easy – katta shaharda mashina haydash oson emas
b)
Infinitive ot-kesim vazifasida:
His duty is
to keep
the house clean – uning vazifasi uyni toza saqlash
My hobby is
to read
English books – mening sevimli mashg’ulotim inglizcha kitoblar
o’qish
c)
Infinitive to’ldiruvchi vazifasida:
I like
to read books
– men kitoblar o’qishni yoqtiraman
He wants
to study
– u o’qishni xohlaydi
d)
Infinitive hol (asosan, sabab va maqsad hollari) vazifasida:
I went to the library
to get a book
– men kitob olish uchun kutubxonaga bordim
Jack bought a book
to read
– Jek o’qish uchun kitob sotib oldi
Infinitivening turlari
Types
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Present Infinitive
To do – qilmoq,
bajarmoq
To be done – qilinmoq,
bajarilmoq
Perfect Infinitive
To have done – qilgan
bo’lmoq
To have been done –
qilingan bo’lmoq
Continuous
Infinitive
To be doing –
qilayotgan bo’lmoq
-
Perfect Continuous
Infinitive
To have been doing –
qilayotgan
-
150
bo’lmoq
1)
Present Infinitive (Hozirgi zamon infinitivi) -
ish-harakatlarning boshqa bir ish-
harakatlarga nisbatan keyinroq bajarilishini, sodir bo’lishini ko’rsatadi. Ingliz
tilida,
hozirgi zamon infinitivini xohlagan fe’l bilan ishlatish mumkin:
It seems
to rain
– yomg’ir yog’adiganga o’xshaydi
Jack decided
to die
– Jek parhez qilishga qaror qildi
I want
to translate
this story – men bu hikoyani tarjima qilishni xohlayman
You must
clean
the room – siz xonani tozalashingiz kerak
I want this story
to be translated
– men bu hikoyani tarjima qilinishini xohlayman
I want
to be woken up
at 2 o’clock – meni soat 2 da uyg’otishlarini xohlayman
The room must
be cleaned
– xona tozalanishi kerak
2)
Perfect Infinitive (Tugallangan zamon infinitivi) –
ish-harakatlarning boshqa
bir ish-harakatlarga nisbatan oldinroq bajarilishini, sodir bo’lishini ko’rsatadi va
gapda har qanday fe’llar bilan qo’llana olmaydi. U, asosan, quyidagi fe’llar
bilan qo’llanadi:
Seem –
ko’rinmoq
Appear –
tuyilmoq
Tend –
mug’ombirlik qilmoq
Pretend –
bahona qilmoq
Claim –
ma’lum qilmoq
To be sure –
ishonchi komil bo’lmoq
To be happy –
baxtli bo’lmoq
To be lirely –
tuyilmoq, o’xshamoq
Modal Verbs + have done
Sarah
claimed
to have translated
the text – Sara matnni tarjima qilganligini ma’lum
qildi
They
are lirely to have passed
the exam – ular imtihondan o’tganga o’xshaydi
Jack is happy. He
must have entered
the University – Jek baxtiyor. U unversitetga
kirganga o’xshaydi
They
appeared to have cleaned
the room – ular xonani tozalaganga o’xshaydi
Compare:
Present Infinitive
Perfect Infinitive
It seems
to rain
– yomg’ir
yog’adiganga o’xshaydi
They appeared
to clean
the room –
ular xonani tozalaydiganga o’xshaydi
It seems
to have rained
– yomg’ir
yog’ib o’tganga o’xshaydi
They appered
to have cleaned
the
room – ular xonani tozalaganga
o’xshaydi
3)
Continuous Infinitive (Davomli zamon infinitivi) –
ish-harakat yoki voqea-
hodisalarning aynan hozir, boshqa bir ish-harakatlar bilan bir vaqtda davom etib
bajarilayotganligini, sodir bo’lyotganligini ko’rsatadi va uning
passive shakli
yo’q.
Davomli zamon infinitivi ham har qanday fe’llar bilan qo’llanmaydi. U
quyidagi fe’llar bilan qo’llanadi:
Seem –
ko’rinmoq
Appear –
tuyilmoq
Tend –
mug’ombirlik qilmoq
Pretend –
bahona qilmoq
151
Claim –
ma’lum qilmoq
To be sure –
ishonchi komil bo’lmoq
To be happy –
baxtli bo’lmoq
To be lirely –
tuyilmoq, o’xshamoq
Modal Verbs + be doing
It
seems
to be raining
– yomg’ir yog’ayotganga o’xshaydi
They
appear to be cleaning
the room – ular xonani tozalayotganga o’xshaydi
Sarah
claimed to be translating
the text – Sara matnni tarjima qilayotganligini
ma’lum qildi
Sarah
must
be translating
the text – Sara matnni tarjima qilayotgan bo’lsa kerak
4)
Perfect Continuous Infinitive (Tugallangan davom zamon infinitivi) –
oldinroq boshlangan ish-harakatlarning boshqa bir ish-harakat bilan ham davom
etib bajarilishini ko’rsatadi va uning
passive shakli yo’q.
Tugallangan davom zamon infinitivi ham quyidagi fe’llar bilan qo’llanadi:
Seem –
ko’rinmoq
Appear –
tuyilmoq
Tend –
mug’ombirlik qilmoq
Pretend –
bahona qilmoq
Claim –
ma’lum qilmoq
To be sure –
ishonchi komil bo’lmoq
To be happy –
baxtli bo’lmoq
To be lirely –
tuyilmoq, o’xshamoq
Modal Verbs + to have been doing
It
seems to have been raining
since morning – ertalabdan beri yomg’ir
yog’ayotganga o’xshaydi
Sarah
claimed to have been translating
this text since yesterday – Sara bu matnni
kechadan beri tarjima qilayotganligini ma’lum qildi
Infinitivening qo’llanish holatlari
Rule 1:
Ba’zi fe’llar o’zidan so’ng fe’llarning infinitive shaklini oladi:
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: