He told me about his family – U menga oilasi haqida gapirib berdi. By – tomonidan; orqali 1) “By” predlogi “tomonidan” ma’nosida mualliflik predlogi hisoblanadi va ish-
harakatning kimdir tomonidan bajarilganligini ko’rsatadi va majhul nisbatda
qo’llanadi:
“War and Peace” was written by Tolstoy – “Urush va Tinchlik” romani Tolstoy tomonidan yozilgan. The window was broken by a student – Deraza bir talaba tomonidan sindirildi. 2) “Orqali” ma’nosida “by” predlogi ish- harakatning biror bir transport
vositasida bajarilishini ko’rsatadi:
By car – Mashina orqali By plane (= by air) – Samalyot bilan (= havo orqali) By tram – Tramvay orqali By ship (= by sea) – Kema bilan (= dengiz orqali)