Andijon davlat universiteti ingliz tili fonetikasi kafedrasi til aspektlari amaliyoti

Look at these examples to see how adjectives are used with prepositions.

I'm interested in the idea.

My jacket is similar to yours.

She's brilliant at maths.

My neighbour is angry about the party.
An adverbial phrase is a group of words that refines the meaning of a verb, adjective, or adverb. ... The following sentence is an example: “When the show ends, we're getting dinner.” Whether it's a phrase or a clause, an adverbial construction is dependent on the main subject and verb

• 
  According to the weather forecast
  
• 
  Across many deserts
  
• 
  After many tries
  
• 
  Amid the confusion
  
• 
  Around the world
  
• 
  Before we start the meeting
  
• 
  Between a rock and a hard place
  
• 
  By the light of the moon
  
• 
  Like a beautiful swan
  
• 
  Near the ocean
  
• 
  Of my boss
  
• 
  Off the top
  
• 
  Out the door
  
• 
  Through the looking glass
  
• 
  Throughout the thick forest
  
• 
  To the amusement park
  

Lesson 10. Varieties

Module:	Vocabulary
Topic:	Varieties
Time:	80 minutes
Aims Materials Aids	to analyse varieties of English and their use; to develop practical understanding of key terms 1. Lewis, M (1997). Implementing the Lexical Approach. Hove: LTP. 2. McCarthy, M. and O’Dell, F (2004). English Vocabulary in Use. Upper-intermediate and advanced. Cambridge: CUP Text-books. charts, laptop with speakers, handouts

Lead-in (5 min.): Teacher asks the questions:

1. What does the term “varieties” mean?

2. What is the difference between an accent and a dialect?

3. What English varieties do you know and how are they differentiated?

4. Give some examples for the differences between British English and American English.
Handout 1. About the term language varieties

All languages exhibit a great deal of internal variation. That is to say each language exists in a number of varieties. Nevertheless, what is meant by a variety of a language?. Linguists define it as “a specific set of linguistic items” or “human speech patterns (sounds, words, grammatical features) which can be associated with some external factor (geographical area or a social group). A language itself can be viewed as a variety of the human languages. Such terms as language, standard language, dialect, style, speech level, register, pidgin, Creole are referred to as varieties of the language.

Language may changes from region to region, from one social class to another, from

individual to individual, and from situation to situation. This actual changes result in the varieties of language.

Factors that contribute to variation:

• Social situation

• Occupation

• Age

• Geography

• Education

• Gender

• Social status/class

• Ethnicity

Dialect

• A language variety, spoken by a speech community, that is characterized by systematic

features (e.g., phonological, lexical, grammatical) that distinguish it from other varieties of that same language

• Idiolect: the speech variety of an individual speaker.

• All languages consist of dialects (a language is a group of dialects; to speak a language is to
speak a dialect of that language)

• Therefore, everyone speaks at least one dialect

• Dialect differences are usually minor and dialects of a language are usually mutually intelligible

• Dialects are geographically, socially, politically determined