Amea folklor institutu

h a s a n i s a da h u s e i n is mwuxarebav, wyalo,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cemi ordus ambavi ar ici, gana! miTxari wyalo... " [4,49]
rogorc vxedavT, azerbaijanul xalxur cnobierebaSi qerbelas saxe - xatebi ukve damkvidrebula, rac mis sayovelTaobaze metyvelebs. eposSi imamebis xseneba ubedurebadatexilis (am SemTxvevaSi ki salur yazanis) gancdebs kidev ufro amZafrebs da amasTanave, am wmindanebisadmi pativiscemis da mowiwebis gamoxatvas emsaxureba.
wyali da uwyloba, rogorc marsiis umTavresi ZarRvi gansakuTrebuli xazgasmiT aRiniSneba, radgan mowameebi yvelaze metad uwylobiT itanjebodnen, rac maT TavisTavad Zalas aclida da tanjvas uormagebda.
" muharamis Tve moiwia, horizontidan mTvare amosula
mas utiria, warmoudenia sisxliani cremlebi.
mociqulis STamomavlobisTvis ver uSvelia feraTs³
maS, ar Sercxves am adgilebSi gadinebisas?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seigone mowameTa gakveTilebi,
yovel mcenares qerbelaSi ena amoudgams.
mowameTa glova ganaaxla droebam,
itire gulo dRes rac SegiZlia. "⁴ - wers m. fizuli [15]
am marsiis TviT yvelaze mcire monakveTSic ki, romelic aq warmovadgineT, kargad Cans yvela is sakvanZo Strixi Tu xati, riTac igeboda da dResac iwereba marsia.
azerbaijanul literaturaSi fizulimdec iwereboda am Janris leqsebi. magaliTad, imad ed-din nasimis am movlenasTan dakavSirebiT kasidebi aqvs dawerili. erT-erTSi vkiTxulobT:
"naTlis wyaro, wmindani xar he husein alis Zev,
RvTismoSiSTa gvirgvini xar, he husein alis Zev."
da
"radganac nasimi qebas giZRvnis da qebis wamia awi
Sen Seewie da daxsen cecxlisagan he husein alis Zev."
es kasida marsia araa, radgan rogorc bolo beiTSi Tavad poeti ambobs, es qebaao, Sesabamisad, aq Cven "madhi" e.i. xotba gvaqvs da ara marsia/natirali, TumcaRa madhis Semcveli marsiebic arsebobs.
rakiRa azerbaijanul samecniero kvlevis sferoSi marsiebis Seswavla axlad idgams fexs, amitom Cven iZulebulni varT, erTgvarad winaswari varaudebiT davkmayofildeT. Xo­lo marsiebis dRemde saTanado kvlevebis uqonloba imiT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom sabWoTa xelisufleba krZalavda rogorc maharamobas, aseve masTan dakavSirebul elementTa Seswavlasac, ramac Zalze uaryofiTad imoqmeda azerbaijanuli literaturis am metad mniSvnelovani nawilis Seswavla-aTvisebis saqmeze. miT umetes, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom marsiebi, rogorc mSobliur enaze Seqmnili liturgiuli datvirTvis mqone Txzulebani, rac maTi Tavdapirveli daniSnulebaa, sasuliero TvalsazrisiTac sayuradReboa.
marsias azerbaijanul literaturaSi maSin unda SeeRwia, roca ukve abasidebis xana gamovlili hqonda da amitom masSi SurisZiebisaken mowodeba TiTqmis ar Cans. aseTi marsia ki, ra Tqma unda ukve TavisTavad politikuri mowodeba - lozungebisagan daclilia da wmindad sasuliero ganwyobilebis matarebelia. sxvanairad, SeuZlebelicaa, radgan saimdrood abasidebs umaianTa dinastia araTu daemxoT, aramed Tavadac aRar arsebobdnen da saerTod, xalifas tituls jer selCuki, xolo Semdgom ukve osmaleTis sulTnebi atarebdnen, romlebic, piriqiT, mxars uWerdnen amgvar sasuliero/literaturul saqmianobas. magaliTad Tundac is ikmarebs rom m. fizulim "hadigaTus seuda" osmaleTis sulTnis - suleiman kanunis davalebiT Seqmna, romelmac imxanad erayi waarTva yizilbaSebs. Cveni azriT, es sulTnis mxridan erTgvari Jestic gaxldaT, rogorc axladmierTebuli teritoriis kulturuli Tavisuflebis dacvisa da ganviTarebisTvis yuradRebis gamoxatva da zrunva.
aRsaniSnavia, rom fizulis epoqaSi daweril mwuxarebis leqsebs SemdgomSi farTo rezonansi mohyva da azerbaijanel poetTagan umravlesobas am JanrSi TavianTi ostatobac gamouCenia: "Cveni poeziis am JanrSi zog poets araCveulebrivi warmateba moupovebia da TavianTi ukvdavi nawarmoebebiT xalxis cnobierebaSi Rrmad CabeWdilan. miuxedavad imisa, rom magaliTad: daxili, abulhasan raji (1835-1876ww.), kumri (mirza muhamad Taki ibrahimis Ze - 1819 - 1891 ww.), furgamisa da sarafis fsevdonimiT cnobili poetebi TavianT SemoqmedebaSi yazals, muxambazs, robaisa da yoSmebs did adgils uTmobdnen, sayovelTao aRiareba mainc swored marsia-nohebis wyalobiT moipoves." [23, 12]
azerbaijanuli klasikuri poeziis burjTagan kasim beg zaqirs (1784 -1857ww.), abasyuli aRa baqixanov kudsis (1794-1847ww.), seid azim Sirvanis (1835 - 1888 ww.), mirza alaqbar sabirs (1862 - 1911ww.), qal-poets - xurSidbanu naTavansac (1832 - 1897 ww.) am Temaze SesaniSnavi nawarmoebebi moepovebaT da natik rahimovis azriT: "XIX saukunis azerbaijanulenovan sasuliero literaturaSi srulebiT axali etapi iwyeba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qerbelas tragediis mxatvrulad damamuSavebel ramdenime gamoCenil poets, am saukuneSi umoRvawia da gind Crdilo da gind samxreT azerbaijanSi (igulisxmeba iranis azerbaijani - o. q.) noham da marsiam TavianTi ganviTarebis umaRles mwvervals miaRwia." [23, 13]
Cveni azriT, romelic m. m. Sams ed-dinis mier mocemul marsiebis ganviTarebis istoriul eqskursSic naTlad Cans, TiToeuli epoqa, marsiebis meSveobiT, aramxolod sakuTar, adamianur, aramed Tavisi xanis Wir-varamsac gamoxatavda. (m.m. Sams ed-dini, 1980)
kiTxvaze - mainc ram ganapiroba azerbaijanul literaturaSi fizulis Semdeg XIX saukuneSi marsiebis aseTi ganviTareba? - SeiZleba pasuxi amgvarad gaeces: ruseTis mier saxanoebis dapyroba - gauqmebam, 1828 wlis iran-ruseTis mier xelmowerili TurqmenCais xelSekrulebis safuZvelze azerbaijanis mdinare araqsis gayolebaze gadanawilebam da albaT, sakuTari kulturis, religiisa da TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis survilma ganapiroba is, rom XIX saukuneSi poeziis umTavres Janrad swored marsia mogvevlina da ara sxva ram. albaT, ar SevcdebiT, Tu vityviT, rom saimdrood azerbaijanelTaTvis marsiebi erTgvar romantizmsac warmoadgenda. yovel SemTxvevaSi, yoveli nawarmoebi, cxadad Tu farulad Tavis epoqas asaxavs da Cveni azriT, azerbaijanul literaturaSi da mis Tanadroul istoriul realiebSi Rrmad Caxedva, mis diaqronul WrilSi ganxilva mogvcems am sakiTxze Sesabamis pasuxs.
marsiebi azerbaijanul Turqulze arabuli sazomebis (mag. kita, kasida) gverdiT yoSmebiTac iwereboda. yoSmebi saerToTurquli "oTxpwkaredebis" sazomis tipis leqsebia da TiToeul striqonSi 11 marcvals iTvlis. yoSmebis ostatad XVIII saukunis poeti, yarabaRis xanis veziri mola fanah vagifi miiCneva. aseve ZiriTadad yoSmebiT iqmneboda aSuRuri poeziac. Sesabamisad, igi arc XIX saukunisaTvis aris ucxo.