Amea folklor institutu

literatura
eliade 1963: M. Eliade. Aspects du mythe, Gallimard, 1963.
kiknaZe 1996: z. kiknaZe, qarTuli miTologia, I, jvari da saymo, quTaisi, 1996 [qarTul enaze].
narTebi 1988: narTebi, osuridan qarTul enaze Targmna meri cxovrebovam, cxinvali, 1988 [qarTul enaze].
rusTaveli 1974: S. rusTveli, `vefxistyaosani~, 1974 [qarTul enaze].
tomanovskaia 1980: Томановская О. С. Лоанго, Каконго и Нгойо, Историко-этнографический очерк, «Наука», М., 1980.
qoroRli 2003: qoroRli, azerbaijanuli xalxuri eposi, azerbaijanulidan qarTul enaze Targmna zezva medulaSvilma, 2003 [qarTul enaze].
xenepi 1909: Gennep Arnold, van, Les rites de passage, paris, 1909.
Llevan FfaCulia
soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti
saqarTvelo
oficialuri da familaruli registrebis faqtori mimarTvis formaTa SerCevisas
The Factor of Formal and Familiar Registers in the Selection of Terms of Address
Levan Pachulia
Sukhumi State University
As a rule, the selection of terms of address between a sender and a receiver within a communication act has been conditioned the presence/absence of the natural and social peculiarities, characteristic to them, and their interrelationship. Besides, in order to correctly conceive of selection regularities, the situational factor should also be considered; specifically, communicators frequently use distinct terms of address with a view to the fact in which register the conversation goes on, formal or familiar. Such alternation, differing in accordance to a register can be concisely exemplified by the pair, attested in Megrelian: muma _ baba ‘father.’ Concerning the above said, Arnold Chikobava made noteworthy remarks: ~The latter [baba] is used by a child to his/her father (yet not always: baba komortu ‘Father came;’ babak mic’u ‘Father (my father) told me;’ in the latter case, one could say: mua-čkimk mic’u ‘My father told me;’ however, it is accompanied by another stylistic nuance _ the utterance takes on an official shade. It is ultimately impossible for ~muma” to substitute for ~baba” whenever a child addresses his/her father: vo, baba!)” (Arn. Chikobava, Chan-Megrelian-Georgian Comparative Dictionary. Tbilisi, 1938: 15-16). It becomes clear that muma belongs to the formal register while baba to the familiar one. This is very well proved by the fact that, whereas there occur the forms babaia || babačia, their counterparts mumaia || mumačia are not evidenced, as far as -ia and -čia, as diminutive formants, are not functionally compatible with muma.
The above described phenomena find a plenty of typological parallels in various languages; for example, Eng. father _ dad, mother _ mum, Rus. otec _ papa, mat’ _ mama, etc.
The terms of address like cira _ ĵγabi, boši _ c’ie in Megrelian are subject to the same alternation according to the formal and familiar registers.
yovel enaSi mogvepoveba sityvebi (da sityvaTa Sexamebani), romlebic winadadebis an ufro rTuli sintaqsuri konstruqciis gramatikulad damoukidebel erTeulebs da intonaciurad gansazRvrul komponentebs warmoadgenen. Aamgvari sityvebi iwodeba mimarTvad, romelic aRniSnavs im pirs an sagans, romliskenacaa mimarTuli metyveleba da araiSviaTad gaZlierebulia vokatiuri SorisdebuliT.
Tavisi gramatikuli, emociuri Tu funqciuri maxasiaTeblebiT mimarTva universaluri sametyvelo erTeulia.Bbevr enaSi mimarTva arsebiTi saxelis saxelobiTi brunvis formiT an masTan gaTanabrebuli nebismieri sityvaformiT gamoixateba, romelsac gansakuTrebuli Zaxilis intonacia axlavs ( лингвистический энциклопедический словарь ,1990: 340-341).
qarTveluri enebidan qarTulSi mimarTvis funqcias wodebiTi asrulebs, magram zepir metyvelebaSi sakuTar saxelebTan da gvarebTan mimarTva ufro saxelobiTs iyenebs, vidre wodebiTs, xolo zanuri da svanuri-mxolod saxelobiTs, radgan wodebiTi ar gaaCniaT.
ზogadad, mimarTva enis emocionalur-nebelobiTi sferos kuTvnilebaa da matarebelia ori, Cveulebriv, erTad realizebadi funqciisa: mowodebiTisa (apelatiurisa) da Semfaseblurisa (eqspresiulisa). ararTuli saxiT mimarTvis mowodebiTi funqcia vlindeba urTierTobis oficialur sferoebSi (mag.; lozungebi, transparantebi, mowodebebi...). yofiT- sasaubro sferoSi, mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT metyvelebaSi mimarTva gamoxatavs ara ubralod mowodebas adresatisadmi, aramed misdami damokidebulebasac mTqmelis mxridan (dasax. Lleqsik., 1990: 341).
mimarTvis apelatiuri da eqspresiuli funqciebis sayrdenia sityva (an sityvaTa jgufi), romlis sworad SerCeva da mizanmimarTulad gamoyeneba uzrunvelyofs sakomunikacio aqtis warmatebulad ganxorcielebas. SerCeviTobis principis gatarebisas ki aucilebelia oficialuri Tu familaruli registrebis faqtoris gaTvaliswineba, radgan swored igi awesrigebs mimarTvis formaTa diferencirebas, distribucias sametyvelo qcevis Sesabamisad; gansazRvravs sametyvelo etikets verbaluri urTierTobis dasamyareblad SerCeul tonalobaSi oficialur Tu familarul garemoSi socialuri rolebis, erTmaneTis mimarT rolebrivi poziciebisa da ormxrivi damokidebulebis mixedviT... da maregulirebel rols asrulebs ama Tu im registris arCevisas (Формановская 1990: 413).
mimarTvis formebi sametyvelo etiketis Semadgeneli nawilia. Friderike brauni gvTavazobs mimarTvis formaTa aseT klasifikacias:

1. 
   mimarTvis saxeluri formebi;
   
2. 
   mimarTvis nacvalsaxeluri formebi;
   
3. 
   mimarTvis zmnuri formebi;brauni (Braun, F. Terms of Address: Problems of Pattern and Usage in Various Languages and Cultures. Berlin, 1988).
   

saxelur formaTagan aRsaniSnavia naTesauri kavSirebis gamomxatveli terminebi, romlebic yvela enaSi qmnis calkeul, gansakuTrebul jgufebs. Aam jgufSi Semavali leqsemebi gamoirCeva mdgradobiT, simyariT da yvelaze gamoyenebadi erთeulebia saojaxo diskusrSi. იsini dakavSirebulia sametyvelo qcevis konvencionalur normebTan da gamomuSavebulia rogorc mTeli eTnokulturuli erTobis, aseve kerZo socialuri jgufis-ojaxis mier.
naTesauri kavSirebis aRmniSvnel terminebs mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravT nebismieri enis matareblis cnobierebaSi, mentalobaSi. იsini naTlad warmoaCenen msoflios konceftualur suraTs. amasTan, bevr enaSi dasturdeba amgvar terminTa CanacvlebiTi formebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi, rac udavod sainteresoa lingvokulturologiis Tvalsazrisiთ.
rogorc wesi, sakomunikacio aqtSi monawilე moubarsa da Tanamoubars Soris mimarTvis terminTa SerCevas ganapirobebs maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli bunebrivi Tu socialuri Taviseburebebi da maTi urTierTmimarTeba. garda amisa, SerCevis kanonzomierebaTa marTebulad gasaazreblad mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT situaciuri faqtoric; kerZod, komunikantebi araiSviaTad mimarTvis sxvadasxva erTeulebs iyeneben.
amgvari, registris mixedviT gansxavebuli alternaciebis TvalsaCino magaliTad gamodgeba megrulSi dadasturebuli wyvili: muma `mama’’ - baba `mama’’, romlis Sesaxebac sagulisxmo SeniSvnebs akeTebs arn. Ciqobava.am ukanasknels (baba) iyenebs ` Svili Tavisi mamis mimarT (isic ara yovelTvis): babaq qomorTu - mama movida; babaq miwu - mamam (Cemma mamam) miTxra; ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi SeiZleboda gveTqva: mua -Cqimq miwu - mama Cemma miTxra; magram sxva stilistikuri niuansi axlavs - gamoTqmas ofიcialuri ieri uCndeba. sruliad SeuZlebelia ` mama~ Seenacvlos `babas’’, roca Svili uZaxis mamas: vo, baba!~ ( Ciqobava, 1938:15-16).
gamodis, rom muma aris oficialuri registris kuTvnileba, xolo baba - familarulisa.
aRniSnulis TvalsaCino dadasturebas warmoadgens ramdenime faqti:

1. 
   maSin, roca megrulSi arsebobs forma babaia//babaCia, aranairad ar gvxvdeba *mumaia // *mumaCia, radgan -ia, -Cia, rogorc kninobiT - alersobiTi formanti, ar aris funqciurad Tavsebadi muma-sTan. megrulisaTvis savsebiT bunebrivia gamoTqma:
   

- mus orTuq, babaia // babaCia? `ras akeTeb mamiko (mamilo)~, sadac babaia // babaCia gamokveTilad moferebiT - alersobiT iers aniWebs frazas da yovelTvis dadebiTi emociebis matarebelia, magram SeuZlebelia :
- mus orTuq, mumaia//mumaCia, radgan `muma~ megrulSi aSkarad moridebulobis, krZalvis, mowiwebiTi urTierTobis gamomxatvelia.

2. 
   gamoqveynebul (dafiqsirebul) megrul teqstebSi (Кипшидзе 1914, xubua 1937, samuSia 1971, megruli teqstebi 1941...) mTqmelis (avtoris) mier gadmocemul ambavsa Tu remarkebSi yvelgan muma formaa da aranairad baba:
   

1) aTe boSis meuRu muSi mumaSi dunatebu lekuri (xubua, 1937: 3) ` am biWs miaqvs Tavisi mamis danatovარi xmali (lekuri)~.
2) didaq uwu:
- mua - sqani Ti rigi koCi rdu, namuda qaSvilis Zafis ...Jiri kiTiT gosofundu (iqvე : 97) .
`dedam uTxra:
- mamaSeni iseTi kaci iyo, rom mSvildis Zafs ... ori TiTiT gawyvetdao~.
baba ki Sinaurul saojaxo diskursSi monawileobs:

• 
  is ma qurCqileqia, baba, - uwu squaq (xubua, 1937:87) `es me mesmis, mama, - uTxra Svilma’’.
  

3) mumas, rogorc oficialuri registrisadmi mikuTvnebulobis dasasabuTeblad, vfiqrobT, gamodgeba da gaamyarebs kidec is faqti, rom xandazmulTa metyvelebaSi dResac iCens Tavs tabuirebis erTi konkretuli SemTxveva : meuRle qalbatonი saubrisas ar axsenebs Tavisi qmris saxels da mas TavianTi Svilis mamad moixseniebs : `anzoriS mumaq morTu~, - ityvis igi. msgavs situaciebSi yovelTvis muma gvxvdeba da ara baba.
apelativi baba, rogorc amaze arn.Ciqobava mianiSnebs, ZiriTadad bavSvis metyvelebis kuTvnilebaa, magram cocxal megrul metyvelebaze dakvirvebam gviCvena, rom baba-s xmareba araa mkacrad SezRuduli asakobrivi cenziT; mas zrdasruli enis matareblebic iyeneben, oRond am SemTxvevaSic Tavis rols TamaSobs situaciuri faqtori - Sinauruli saojaxo diskursis farglebSi mTqmeli iyenebs apelativs baba, xolo ucxo pirTan saubrisas - mumas.
amave rigisad gvesaxeba megrulSi xmarebuli CanacvlebiTi formebi : cira, cirasqua, osursqua - ZRabi; boSi - wie. pirvelebi, Cveulebriv, oficialuri registris kuTvnilebaa, meoreni - familarulisa.
mamis aRmniSvneli CanacvlebiTi formebi gvaqvs svanurSic : mu `mama’’ // baba `mama~. maTi funqcionirebis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi megrulis analogiuriა : oficialur saubarSi, rogorc wesi, yvelgan mu dasturdeba:

• 
  misgu di eqim li, mu - inJineri (svanuri ena, 2007 :192) ’’dedaCemi eqimia, mama - inJineri~.
  
• 
  mu alpinist li ( iqve:193) ` mama aლpinistia~.
  

Sinaurul - familarul saubarSi gvaqvs baba.
vfiqrobT, rom aRniSnuli faqti ufro gamowvlilviTi Seswavlis sagani unda gaxdes.